Big Business & Organized Labor How did industrialization change the workplace and give rise to labor unions? How did industrialization change the relationship between the worker and boss?

Industrialization Leaders Inventions Organization Organization

Lives of Workers? Leaders OrganizationInventions

PSD Time! Please take 5 minutes to read and think about the document you were givenPlease take 5 minutes to read and think about the document you were given Think about:Think about: –The workers’ complaints –The workers’ attitudes and perceptions of their bosses –What workers’ conditions must have been like

Minute Spit-it Give each person in your small group one minute to talk about their findingsGive each person in your small group one minute to talk about their findings Remember:Remember: –Do not interrupt –If minute not filled, must be silent

Conditions for Workers

Factory Life Workers: Immigrants, whites, & African Americans from the South.Workers: Immigrants, whites, & African Americans from the South. Hours: LongHours: Long Pay: Very LowPay: Very Low Conditions: Dust, bad lighting, faulty machines, no inspections, burns, death, poor training.Conditions: Dust, bad lighting, faulty machines, no inspections, burns, death, poor training. Women: Highest number of workers.Women: Highest number of workers. Children: Did not go to school.Children: Did not go to school. Employers not required paying for factory injuries.Employers not required paying for factory injuries. Triangle Shirt Factory: Owner locked workers in, most died in a fire.Triangle Shirt Factory: Owner locked workers in, most died in a fire.

Especially Brutal Conditions in PA Coal and iron policeCoal and iron police Pennsylvania Railroads and corporate chartersPennsylvania Railroads and corporate charters Use of the state militia and federal troopsUse of the state militia and federal troops Company townsCompany towns

What could you do to protect your rights? If you were this guy, what would your options possibly be to try to protect yourself?If you were this guy, what would your options possibly be to try to protect yourself?

Strikes in the U.S.

Labor Unions Goals: Safer working conditions, shorter hours, & better pay.Goals: Safer working conditions, shorter hours, & better pay. Early Unions:Early Unions: –Knights of Labor –American Federation of Labor led by Samuel Gompers. Problems: Some unions did not represent all workers, riots, protests and strikes became violent.Problems: Some unions did not represent all workers, riots, protests and strikes became violent. Started Collective Bargaining or negotiations between workers and managementStarted Collective Bargaining or negotiations between workers and management

Knights of Labor Terence V. Powderly An injury to one is the concern of all!

Knights of Labor Knights of Labor trade card

Goals of the Knights of Labor Eight-hour workday. Eight-hour workday. Workers’ cooperatives. Workers’ cooperatives. Worker-owned factories. Worker-owned factories. Abolition of child and prison labor. Abolition of child and prison labor. Increased circulation of greenbacks. Increased circulation of greenbacks. Equal pay for men and women. Equal pay for men and women. Safety codes in the workplace. Safety codes in the workplace. Prohibition of contract foreign labor. Prohibition of contract foreign labor. Abolition of the National Bank. Abolition of the National Bank.

The American Federation of Labor: 1886 Samuel Gompers

How the AF of L Would Help the Workers Catered to the skilled worker. Catered to the skilled worker. Represented workers in matters of national legislation. Represented workers in matters of national legislation. Maintained a national strike fund. Maintained a national strike fund. Evangelized the cause of unionism. Evangelized the cause of unionism. Prevented disputes among the many craft unions. Prevented disputes among the many craft unions. Mediated disputes between management and labor. Mediated disputes between management and labor. Pushed for closed shops. Pushed for closed shops.

Haymarket Riot (1886) McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.

Management vs. Labor “Tools” of Management “Tools” of Labor  “scabs”  P. R. campaign  Pinkertons  lockout  blacklisting  yellow-dog contracts  court injunctions  open shop  boycotts  sympathy demonstrations  informational picketing  closed shops  organized strikes  “wildcat” strikes

The Corporate “Bully-Boys”: Pinkerton Agents

Case Study: The Pullman Strike of 1894

Pullman Cars A Pullman porter

A “Company Town”: Pullman, IL A “Company Town”: Pullman, IL

The Pullman Strike of 1894 Government by injunction!

Case Study: Strikes Each group will be given one of the following strikes to research: The Lattimer MassacreThe Lattimer Massacre The Great Railroad Strike (in Pittsburgh)The Great Railroad Strike (in Pittsburgh) The Homestead StrikeThe Homestead Strike The McKeesport StrikeThe McKeesport Strike

Your group must research the following topics and report their findings to the class What industry was involved with this strike (coal, steel, railroads)?What industry was involved with this strike (coal, steel, railroads)? What caused the strike to happen?What caused the strike to happen? How did the strike “go down”?How did the strike “go down”? What was the end result?What was the end result?

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

Homestead Steel Strike (1892) The Amalgamated Association of Iron & Steel Workers Homestead Steel Works

Attempted Assassination! Henry Clay Frick Alexander Berkman

Summarize What conditions cause strikes to happen? What is the purpose of the strike? How did the company, police, gov’t, etc treat workers? What did the strike accomplish?