3. The Changing American Labor Force

4. Child Labor

5. “Galley Labor”

6. Labor Unrest: 1870-1900

7. Management vs. Labor “Tools” of Management “Tools” of Labor  “scabs”  P. R. campaign  Pinkertons  lockout  blacklisting  yellow-dog contracts  court injunctions  open shop  boycotts  sympathy demonstrations  informational picketing  closed shops  organized strikes  “wildcat” strikes

8. The Corporate “Bully-Boys”: Pinkerton Agents

9. A Striker Confronts a SCAB!

10. Knights of Labor Terence V. Powderly An injury to one is the concern of all!

11. Knights of Labor Knights of Labor trade card

12. Goals of the Knights of Labor ù Eight-hour workday. ù Workers’ cooperatives. ù Worker-owned factories. ù Abolition of child and prison labor. ù Increased circulation of greenbacks. ù Equal pay for men and women. ù Safety codes in the workplace. ù Prohibition of contract foreign labor. ù Abolition of the National Bank.

13. The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

15. The Tournament of Today: A Set-to Between Labor and Monopoly

16. Anarchists Meet on the Lake Front in 1886

17. Haymarket Riot (1886) McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.

18. Haymarket Martyrs

19. The American Federation of Labor: 1886 Samuel Gompers

20. How the AF of L Would Help the Workers ù Catered to the skilled worker. ù Represented workers in matters of national legislation. ù Maintained a national strike fund. ù Evangelized the cause of unionism. ù Prevented disputes among the many craft unions. ù Mediated disputes between management and labor. ù Pushed for closed shops.

21. Homestead Steel Strike (1892) The Amalgamated Association of Iron & Steel Workers Homestead Steel Works

22. Big Corporate Profits!

23. Attempted Assassination! Henry Clay Frick Alexander Berkman

24. A “Company Town”: Pullman, IL A “Company Town”: Pullman, IL

25. Pullman Cars A Pullman porter

26. The Pullman Strike of 1894

27. President Grover Cleveland If it takes the entire army and navy to deliver a postal card in Chicago, that card will be delivered!

28. The Pullman Strike of 1894 Government by injunction!

29. The Socialists Eugene V. Debs

30. International Workers of the World (“Wobblies”)

31. “Big Bill” Haywood of the IWW  Violence was justified to overthrow capitalism.

32. I W W & the Internationale

33. The Hand That Will Rule the World  One Big Union

34. Mother Jones: “The Miner’s Angel”  Mary Harris.  Organizer for the United Mine Workers.  Founded the Social Democratic Party in 1898.  One of the founding members of the I. W. W. in 1905.

35. Lawrence, MA Strike: 1912

36. The “Bread & Roses” Strike DEMANDS: ù15¢/hr. wage increase. ùDouble pay for overtime. ùNo discrimination against strikers. ùAn end to “speed-up” on the assembly line. ùAn end to discrimination against foreign immigrant workers.

37. The “Formula” unions + violence + strikes + socialists + immigrants = anarchists

38. Labor Union Membership Good info, bad graph

39. Labor Union Membership

40. Workers Benefits Today

41. The Rise & Decline of Organized Labor

42. Right-to-Work States Today

43. Union Membership Today

44. Consequences of the Labor Movement StrikesStrikes ViolenceViolence Birth of many different organizationsBirth of many different organizations Company townsCompany towns Unification of the work forceUnification of the work force Some individual companies made changesSome individual companies made changes –8 hour days, child labor laws, higher pay, closed shops, etc. Legislative reforms that enforced national changeLegislative reforms that enforced national change