Renaissance Rome Style Anupama Shah, Eirene Lo, Matt Chalupa, Roger Yu

INTRO Rome was founded along the Tiber river in the 1200s B. C. It was a great center of culture and learning during the renaissance, and great figures such as Michelangelo. Ancient Rome was one of the basis points of Renaissance artists

Renaissance sites Sistine Chapel Saint Peter’s Basilica Vatican Observatory

Michelangelo Born in Florence in 1475 Was a painter, sculptor, and artchitect – La Pieta – Pope Julius II tomb – Sistine Chapel ceiling – Saint Peter’s Basilica

La Pieta La Pieta – pity in Italian Challenge to other artists to make full grown Jesus fit on Mary’s lap Michelangelo solved problem by making Mary bigger First appearance in Rome

Pope Julius II’s tomb Made for Pope Julius II Was supposed to be very grand but was smaller because of cut funding Has Moses holding 10 commandments horns

Sistine Chapel ceiling Most famous for Supposed to be 12 Apostles Added on: – Creation of Adam & Eve – Creation of Sun & Moon – Separation of Light & Dark – Temptation – Book of Genesis

Current Event  This relates to the dome because of the structure. The both include a form of a semi- circle/sphere. The perspective is also visible. However, the perspective in the dome is in the structure where as the perspective of the bridge is in the background.

Saint Peter’s Basilica

Old Saint Peter’s Basilica The original basilica was built AD 326-AD 333 by the Roman Emperor Constantine In the early Renaissance, the old basilica had fallen into disrepair Pope Nicholas V was the first pope to suggest two options: a)Build a new basilica b)Completely remodel the old one

Old Basilica

Formation of Plans Pope Julius II ordered groundbreaking in 1506 He hired Bramante, a prominent architect at the time, to help design a new basilica. His idea involved a Greek, or symmetrical, cross, with a shallow, low dome on top. After Julius’ II death, however, Bramante had his idea dropped. Bramante’s plan

Formation of Plans cont. A number of noted architects were brought in, but none of the plans were accepted. Finally, Michelangelo came forward with his plan for a large dome. Michelangelo’s plan

Michelangelo’s Plan His plan involved: a large Greek cross a large, pointed dome based off the cathedral in Florence (remember the Duomo?) Two brick domes, one inside the other A tall cupola with the cross from the old basilica to top off the structure

Construction and Modifications to Michelangelo’s Plan Michelangelo died in 1564 before completion of the dome. The dome was completed in An extension to the building’s front was designed by Carlo Maderno. It was approved in The whole structure was completed in It remains the largest dome in the world.

Activity Take a look at the original plan from Bramante and then the one from Michelangelo. Spot any differences, and list ideas as to why they occurred.

Works Cited Building Big: Domes (David Macauly)

The Vatican Observatory By Roger Yu

Background The Vatican observatory is located behind the Pope’s summer residence at Castel Gandolfo. It is one of the oldest astronomical research institutions in the world.

The Vatican Observatory today

History The Observatory traces its roots back to the late Renaissance, when Gregory XIII formed a committee to reform the calendar used earlier (Julian Calendar). The actual Observatory was formed in 1891, built behind St. Peter’s Basilica. Later, Pope Pius XI moved the observatory to its current location at Castel Gandolfo.

Gregorian Calendar The previous calendar was off by 11 minutes per year, cumulating in a difference of 10 days from the solar calendar. Utilizing astronomical data, the Jesuit mathematician Christopher Clavius formulated a new calendar that could avert the problems of the Julian Calendar.

Gregorian Calendar (contd.) Based on Clavius’s work, Pope Gregory XIII ordered the advancement of the calendar by 10 days and, to prevent any further mishaps, made years divisible by 100, except for those divisible by 400, into normal instead of leap years. The solar year is divided by lunar cycles, but they do not synchronize well An extra day (leap day) is added every few years to counteract the difference in time between the lunar and solar year

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