Properties of Minerals

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Presentation transcript:

Properties of Minerals

1. Color Easy to see but is least reliable property for ID many different minerals are same color (calcite, quartz, dolomite) same mineral can come in many colors (quartz can be pink, white, clear, purple, yellow)

The Many Colors of Quartz Amethyst Rose Quartz Smoky Quartz Citrine Rock Crystal

Many Different White Minerals

Minerals Come in Many Different Colors

2. Luster How mineral shines in reflected light metallic: like polished metal non-metallic: all others vitreous: glassy pearly dull

Luster Dull Metallic Vitreous Pearly

3. Streak Color of powdered form of mineral not always same color as mineral found by rubbing mineral on unglazed tile non-metallic minerals usu. have white streak

4. Cleavage Mineral splits along flat surfaces can cleave in 1,2 or 3 directions

Cleavage

5. Fracture Mineral breaks along non-cleavage surfaces rough edges conchoidal fracture: smoothly curved like inside of a shell

Fracture

6. Hardness Mineral’s resistance to being scratched Moh’s Scale of Hardness compares minerals from softest (talc=1) to hardest (diamond=10)

Moh’s Scale of Hardness 1. Talc 2. Gypsum 3. Calcite 4. Fluorite 8. Topaz 5. Apatite 9. Corundum 6. Feldspar (ruby) 7. Quartz 10. Diamond

Scratch Test Hardness Continued fingernail scratches mineral =2 penny scratches mineral =3 steel nail or file “ “ =4 mineral scratches glass =6

7. Specific Gravity How dense the mineral is metallics usu.>5 non-metallics usu.<3

Specific Gravity Metallic minerals Non-metallic are high minerals are lower

8. Acid Test Only CARBONATE minerals fizz in weak acid calcite

9. Crystals Not all minerals show crystals when minerals do show crystals, they usu. have a characteristic shape

Quartz Crystals

10. Special Properties Taste (rock salt) Smell (sulfur) Fluorescence : glows in UV light Radioactivity (uranium) Double refraction: two images show through clear mineral (calcite)

Special Properties Sulphur- smelly Magnetite- magnetic Uraninite- radioactive

Some Common Minerals Cleavage in 4 directions Metallic Galena

Feldspar Cleavage Pinkish

Graphite Metallic Very Soft Lubricant

Magnetite

Limonite

Quartz

Aquamarine: Click for sample mineral lab.