2.3 Carbon Based Molecules

1. Monomer: – Small molecule 2. Polymer or macromolecule – Macro=Large – Large molecule – Made of many monomer

3. 4 types of macromolecules: A. carbohydrates B. lipids C. proteins D. nucleic acids

4. Carbohydrates – A. made of: C, H, O – B. produce energy; parts of plants – C. Poly=many – D. saccharide=sugar

5. Lipids: – A. made of: C, H, O – B. fats, oils, cholesterol – C. energy storage, parts of cell – D. fatty acids: long chains of C attached to H atoms

– E. Phospholipid: makes up cell membrane 1. Head-polar, attracted to water 2. Tails –nonpolar, not attracted to water – F. Cholesterol: 1. body needs some 2. important part steroid hormones to help respond to stress, sexual development, reproductive system

6. Proteins: – A. function: movement, eyesight, digestion – B. made of amino acids – C. amino acids contain: C, H, O, N different types 2. your body can make 12 amino acids 3. 8 amino acids must come from foods you eat, – Meat, beans, nuts

– D. Function depends on specific order of amino acids

7. Nucleic Acids: A. 2 types – 1. DNA – 2. RNA B. are a polymer made up of nucleotides C. nucleotides are made up of: – Sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base D. function: to build proteins