Food Chemistry Chapter 17 in Green / Damjii Chapter X in Nuess Chapter X in Oxford Study (no resource in Chang)
Homework Read F6– Texture pp Do Qs on p 493 F.6: Texture
TEXTURE depends on – Physical properties (hardness, elasticity) – Cooking – Moisture content CREAMY TEXTURES valued in many foods depend on Disperse system stablized (do not separate… or separate v. slowly) macroscopically homogeneous mixture of 2 immiscible phases A typical FOOD disperse system will involve a liquid as one of the immiscible phases. F.6.1: Describe a dispersed system in food
Dispersed system: LIQUID / SOLID Suspension (sol) Solid particles suspended in a liquid EX: blood (solid red/white blood cells suspended in plasma) Gel Liquid particles suspended in a solid EX: fruit jelly – water trapped in a protein matrix F.6.2: Distinguish between the following types of dispersed systems – suspensions, emulsions, and foams in foods.
Dispersed system: LIQUID / GAS Foam Gas trapped in a liquid medium EX: whipped cream, egg whites Aerosols Liquid droplets suspended in a gas EX:
Dispersed system: LIQUID / LIQUID Emulsion Stable blend of 2 immiscible liquids EX: mayonnaise (oil droplets suspending in water) Emulsifiers are often used to promote the mixing of 2 phases…
Emulsifiers molecules that can bond to both phases found at the surface between the phases often called surfactants similar to what happens with soap ! F.6.3: Describe the action of emulsifiers
Soap
Emulsifiers Lecithin – a phospholipid which is found in egg yolks Contains polar end… hydrophilic Bonds to water Contains nonpolar end… hydrophobic Bonds to non aqueous phase ex: mayo made by beating oil and vinegar with egg yolks hydrophilic end of lecithin bonds to vinegar and hydrophobic end bonds to oil Surfactant (lecithin) surrounds oil droplets… suspending them within the aqueous phase ( vinegar ). F.6.3: Describe the action of emulsifiers
Stabilizers Often added to stablize dispersed states… keep them from separating. Inorganic phosphates (trisodium phosphate) can stablize emulsions Metal bowls – chefs prefer these to beat egg whites… minute traces of the metal are incorporated into the foam and actually stabilize it. F.6.3: Describe the action of emulsifiers