1. NaCl  Na+ + Cl- 1 M 1 M 1 M [Na+] = 1 M [Cl-] = 1 M - - - - - - O O -H + - + + H H - O
Concentration: -
Molarity – Ion Concentrations
When ionic substances dissolve, the M of the resulting solution can be described different ways …
NaCl 
Na+
+ Cl-
1 M
1 M
1 M + - +
[Na+] = 1 M
Also written as … - + -
[Cl-] = 1 M - + - +

2. MgCl2  Mg+2 + 2 Cl- 1 M 1 M 2 M [Mg+2] = 1 M [Cl-] = 2 M
Concentration:
Molarity – Ion Concentrations
When ionic substances dissolve, the M of the resulting solution can be described different ways …
MgCl2 
Mg+2
+ 2 Cl-
1 M
1 M
2 M
[Mg+2] = 1 M
Also written as …
[Cl-] = 2 M

3. Al(OH)3  Al+3 + 3 OH- 1 M 1 M 3 M [Al+3] = 1 M [OH-] = 3 M
Concentration:
Molarity – Ion Concentrations
When ionic substances dissolve, the M of the resulting solution can be described different ways …
Al(OH)3 
Al+3
+ 3 OH-
1 M
1 M
3 M
[Al+3] = 1 M
Also written as …
[OH-] = 3 M

4. Al2(SO4)3  2 Al+3 + 3 SO4-2 0.5 M [Al+3] = 1 M [SO4-2] = 1.5 M
Concentration:
Molarity – Ion Concentrations
When ionic substances dissolve, the M of the resulting solution can be described different ways …
Al2(SO4)3 
2 Al+3
+ 3 SO4-2
0.5 M
[Al+3] = 1 M
[SO4-2] = 1.5 M

5. Other Types of Mixtures:
1. Suspensions
-Temporary, can be homogeneous, but eventually settling will occur and they become heterogeneous
-Particle size is > 500 nm
-No IM force is strong enough to keep large particles dispersed uniformly

6. 2. Colloids
An intermediate state between solutions and suspension
Particle size is between 2 and 500 nm
Homogeneous mixtures
For most, some IMF is still at work, and the particles are small enough to remain suspended permanently

8. 2. Colloids
An intermediate state between solutions and suspension

9. 2. Colloids
An intermediate state between solutions and suspension
Solids or liquids suspended in a gas are called aerosols

10. 2. Colloids
An intermediate state between solutions and suspension

11. 2. Colloids
An intermediate state between solutions and suspension
Sols are solids suspended in liquids or other solids

12. 2. Colloids
An intermediate state between solutions and suspension

13. 2. Colloids
An intermediate state between solutions and suspension
Foams are gases suspended in liquids or solids

14. 2. Colloids
An intermediate state between solutions and suspension

15. 2. Colloids
An intermediate state between solutions and suspension
Two normally immiscible liquids are made to mix by adding an emulsifying agent
Emulsifying agents are molecules with both polar and nonpolar regions!

16. 2. Colloids
Emulsifying agents are molecules with both polar and nonpolar regions!

17. Emulsifying agents are molecules with both polar and nonpolar regions!
2. Colloids
Oil
(nonpolar)
Emulsifying agents are molecules with both polar and nonpolar regions!

18. Model Drawing Practice:
For any substances below that are soluble in water, draw a model that shows the correct orientations of the solute-solvent particles while in aqueous solution.
HF(g) KBr(s) CH2O(g)
SiC(s) SO2(g) Fe(s)
Also answer the follow-up questions.