Multiplication Properties Commutative - You can always multiply numbers in any order and the product will be the same. Ex: 5 x 4 = 20 & 4 x 5 = 20 Associative Property – You can group factors differently and the product will be the same. Ex: (4 x 4) x 2 = 4 x (4 x 2) Property of One - When one of the factors is 1, the product equals the other number. Ex: 5 x 1 = 5 Zero Property - When one factor is 0, the product is 0. Ex: 8 x 0 = 0

Perimeter The distance around a figure. Formula = square = 4s Rectangle = 2l + 2w All other shapes – add ALL sides

AREA The number of square units needed to cover a surface. Area = length x width 8 cm. 3 cm. 8 x 3 = 24 square cm.

Area of a Triangle Formula: ½ bh or bh 2 A triangle is half of a rectangle/square so we use the same formula but cut it in half. EX: 6 in. 12in. Area of the rectangle would be 6 X 12 = 72 sq. in. Area of the triangle would be (6X12) ÷ 2 = 36 sq. in.

Volume The measure of the space a solid figure occupies. Volume is measured in cubic units. Volume = length x width x height V = L X W X H 8 x 3 x 4 = 96 cubic inches 8 in. 4 in. 3 in.

Factors Numbers multiplied together to find a product. Ex: The factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12 Greatest Common Factor (GCF) The greatest number that is a factor of each or two or more numbers. The factors of 12 are = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 The factors of 18 are = 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18 The greatest common factor is 6.

A number that has exactly 2 factors, 1 and the number itself. Ex: 3, 5, 7, 11, 13 Numbers that have more than two factors. Ex: 4, 6, 8, 9, 10

Metric Units Length: - millimeter (mm) - centimeter (cm) - decimeter (dm) - meter (m) 1 meter = 10 decimeters, 100 centimeters, 1,000 millimeters 1 decimeter = 10 centimeters, 100 millimeters 1 centimeter = 10 millimeters

Capacity : - milliliter (mL) - liter (L) - kiloliter (kL) 1 liter = 1,000 milliliters 1 kiloliter = 1,000 liters Weight (Mass) : -gram (g) - kilogram (kg) -milligram (mg) 1 gram = 1,000 milligrams 1 kilogram = 1,000 grams

Parallel Lines Lines that will always be the same distance apart, they will never cross Perpendicular Lines Lines that cross each other to make a perfect right angle Intersecting Lines Lines that meet or cross each other

Ray A part of a line that has one endpoint and extends indefinitely in one direction.

Line A set of points in a line that goes on forever in both direction. Line Segment A part of a line defined by two endpoints.

Angle Two rays that share an endpoint

Right Angle An angle that measures exactly 90 °.

Obtuse Angle An angle with a measure greater than 90° and less than 180°.

Acute Angle An angle with a measure less than 90°.

Straight Angle An angle with a measure of exactly 180°.

Polygon A closed figure made only of straight lines.

Quadrilateral A four sided polygon.

Trapezoid A quadrilateral with exactly two parallel sides.

Rectangle A quadrilateral with two pairs of congruent, parallel sides and four right angle.

Square A rectangle with four congruent sides and four right angles.

Parallelogram A quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel AND congruent sides.

Rhombus A parallelogram with all four sides equal in length.

Isosceles Triangle A triangle with two congruent sides. 3 cm. 2 cm.

Scalene Triangle A triangle in which each side is a different length. 2 cm. 4 cm. 3 cm.

Equilateral Triangle A triangle with all sides congruent. 2 cm.

Obtuse Triangle A triangle which has one obtuse angle.

Acute Triangle A triangle with 3 acute angles.

Right Triangle A triangle with 1 right angle.

Congruent Figures Figures that have the same size and same shape.

Similar Figures Figures that have the same size OR the same shape. They do not have both.

Line Symmetry When a figure can be folded on a line so that it’s two parts are congruent.

Radius A line segment that connects the center with a point on the circle. Diameter A chord that passes through the center of a circle. A line segment that connects any two points on a circle. Chord Circumference The perimeter of a circle. Radius Chord Diameter

Radius A line segment that connects the center with a point on the circle. Radius

Diameter A chord that passes through the center of a circle.

Chord A line segment that connects any two points on a circle.

Circumference The perimeter of a circle.

Transformation Anytime you move a figure, you transform it. The transformations are translation, rotation, and reflection.

Translation Aka - slide A transformation that slides a figure in a given distance and in a given direction.

Reflection Aka - flip A transformation that creates a mirror image of a figure on the opposite side of a line.

Rotation Aka - turn A transformation in which a figure is turned around a point.

Face A plane figure that serves as one side of a solid figure.

Edge The line segment where two faces of a solid figure meet.

Vertex A point on a polyhedron where three or more faces intersect.

Base A special kind of face. The shape could “rest” on it.

Prism A 3-Dimensional figure that has two congruent and parallel faces that are polygons. The rest of the faces are parallelograms.

Pyramid A 3-Dimensional figure whose base is a polygon and whose other faces are triangles that share a common vertex.

Volume The number of cubic units it takes to fill a solid. V = L x W x H

Equivalent Fractions Fractions that name the same number or amount Improper Fraction Fraction in which the numerator is bigger than the denominator. You must DIVIDE to make it into a mixed number. EX: 25 4

Mixed Number Number that contains a whole number and a fraction. Ex: Certain Something that will ALWAYS happen.

Compatible Numbers Pairs of numbers that are easy to compute in your head. Cubic Units The number of cubes with dimensions of 1 unit x 1 unit x 1unit that can fit inside a solid figure. Unit used to show volume.

Ascending In order from least to greatest number. Descending In order from greatest to least number.

Formula A set of symbols that expresses a mathematical rule. EX: A = l x w Inverse Operations Opposite operations that undo each other. Ex: addition & subtraction or multiplication & division

Possible Outcomes Something that has a chance of happening in an experiment. Simplest Form A fraction that has 1 as the greatest common factor of the numerator and denominator. The numerator and denominator are as low as they can go.

Greatest Common Factor Also known as GCF The largest number that divides evenly into two or more numbers.

Vertical Axis A.K.A – Y-Axis The vertical number line on a graph. Horizontal Axis A.K.A – X-Axis The horizontal number line on a graph

Division Dividend – the large number that is being divided Divisor – the number you are dividing by Quotient – the answer to a division problem 28 ÷ 4 = 7 OR is the dividend, 4 is the divisor, and 7 is the quotient 7

Elapsed Time The amount of time that passes between two set times. Ex: start time of a class and end time Units of Time 1 year = 365 days 1 year = 12 months 1 year = 52 weeks 1 week = 7 days 1 day = 24 hours 1 hour = 60 minutes 1 minute = 60 seconds

Multiplication The operation of repeated addition. EX: 3 X 4 = = 12 4 X 7 =

Array An arrangement of objects in equal rows. EX: Unmarked Array An array without the boxes in the inside.An “empty”array. EX: 3 11

Dimensions The lengths of the sides of an object or array. EX: 5 and 7 are the dimensions of this unmarked array. 5 7 Square Number A number that can be made into a square array. EX: 3 X 3 = 9 so 9 is a square number. 3 3

Multiplication Combination When you have labeled the dimensions of an array they are the multiplication combinations for the number. (Number Sentence) 4 X 6 =

Multiple The product of a number and any other number. The multiples of a number are what you say when you are counting by that number EX: The multiples of 6 are: 18, 24, 30, 36… Reasonable Does that make sense????

Fraction – A way of representing part of a whole or part of a group. Numerator – The number on top that tells how many equal parts are described in the fraction. Denominator – The quantity below the line in a fraction. It tells the number of equal parts into which the whole is divided.

Median The middle number of a set of numbers when the numbers are arranged from greatest to least Mode The number that appears most frequently in a set of number. There might be one mode, more than one mode, or no mode.

Range The difference between the greatest and the least value in a set of data

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The middle number in an ordered series of numbers EX: 65, 78, 80, 93, 98 Median = 80

The difference in the greatest and least numbers in a set of data. Ex: 92, 95, 76, 100 Range = 100 – 76 = 24

The number that is listed the most often in a set of data. Ex: 3, 4, 4, 5, 7, 7, 7, 7, 8, 9, 9 Mode = 7

Even ends with 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 Odd ends with 1, 3, 5, 7,9

Customary Units Length: –Inch (in.) - Foot (ft.) –Yard (yd)- Mile (mi) 1 Foot = 12 inches 1 Yard = 3 feet Weight –Ounce (oz) –Pound (lb) 1 Pound = 16 Ounces

Capacity: - Cup- Pint - Quart - Gallon 1 Pint = 2 cups 1 Quart = 2 pints 1 Gallon = 4 Quarts