1 QCD PAC recommendations Emilio Chiavassa

2 Charmonium spectroscopy QCD exotics Hypernuclear Physics Charm in Nuclei PANDA main goals

3 PANDA

4 PANDA - Recommendations of QCD PAC The PANDA collaboration presently consists of 340 physicists from 46 institutions in 14 countries. The PANDA physics programme addresses very important questions for QCD in the transition from the non-perturbative to perturbative regimes. The experiment offers a unique opportunity to study a large range of initial spin-parity states in a gluon-rich environment. It can be realistically expected that PANDA will deliver important new results on the charmonium spectrum, QCD exotics, hypernuclear physics, charm production and other processes in nuclei. There are also exciting possi- bilities of studying exclusive two-body processes (such as gamma-gamma, pi-pi), electromagnetic form factors in the time-like region and single spin asymmetries, if polarized antiprotons become available. The physics issues addressed will go beyond the CEBAF programme and a possible Charm Factory, which will study e+ e- collisions in the 3-5 GeV c.m. region. The committee agrees that the requested antiproton beam time of 6 months per year would be adequate. The PAC welcomes the TDR, which is a comprehensive and clear report that addresses all relevant questions. Since the LoI, very good progress towards the final detector design has been made. For example, the light yield of PWO crystals at -25 deg has shown to be sufficiently high for achieving an excellent resolution in the electromagnetic calorimeter.

5 The PAC believes the experiment to be feasible with present technology and the human resources in the collaboration appear to be adequate. The analysis of 10 benchmark channels based on the TDR detector specifications shows that the goals of the experi- ment are in reach of the detector. The PAC encourages focussing on adequate and cost effective solutions, and to choose between alternatives as soon as possible. For example, the PWO option now seems to be favored over the BGO option for the calorimeter. R+D should be pursued vigorously to clarify the remaining questions: the pellet target performance to reach the envisaged luminosity of 2·10 32 cm -2 s -1, thinner pixel detectors to minimize conversions and allow trigger-less operations, DIRC readout with APDs instead of PMTs to save costs, the design of the magnet of the forward spectrometer, and the relative merits of a high-rate TPC over the Straw Tube Tracker. The cost of the PANDA detector (49.5 M€, including 4.5 M€ contingency) has considera- bly increased over the estimate in the CDR. The cost now seems to be adequate. The contingency is needed for technical risks. The scarcity of suppliers for PWO crystals implies an additional risk. Since final state separation, 4π coverage, high rate capability and energy resolution are crucial for most of the physics program, there is little room for staging of the detector. Overall, the PAC considers the risk associated with the PANDA detector as low for a project at this stage.

6  In-medium modifications of hadrons  onset of chiral symmetry restoration at high  B measure: , ,   e + e - open charm (D mesons)  Strangeness in matter (strange matter?)  enhanced strangeness production ? measure: K, , , ,   Indications for deconfinement at high  B  anomalous charmonium suppression ? measure: J/ , D  Critical point  event-by-event fluctuations CBM main goals.

7 CBM

8 PAC report on CBM CBM is a core experiment at FAIR. The physics case as already been discussed in the CDR and reiterated in the present Technical Status Report is excellent. CBM addresses fundamental issues of high density QCD: in-medium modification of hadronic properties, chiral symmetry restoration through the measurement of low-mass dileptons, deconfine- ment through the measurement of J/psi production and the search for a possible critical point in the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter (temperature vs chemical poten- tial) via the measurements of event-by-event fluctuations of for example strange particle yields. CBM fills the gap left unexplored between SPS and AGS energies. Measureme- nts of the p-p and p-A reactions provide important reference data as well as interesting physics in their own right. The Committee recognizes the progress achieved since the presentation of the LoI in June The Collaboration has obtained encouraging results in the studies of the rate capabilities of RPC with the use of suitable electrode materials, semiconducting glasses and doped polymers. The development of a global simulation framework, CBMroot, is a major milestone for the study of the detector performance. Another major milestone is the development of the concept of a free streaming architecture of the DAQ and event processing systems. The Committee feels, however, that the two major measurements, low mass dileptons and open and hidden charm, are imposing not necessarily compatible requirements on the experiment and possibly cannot be done with a common single setup. For example, the

9 7 layers of Si complicate the pattern recognition of low-mass pairs, and the present setup appears to lack sufficient rejection of conversion and Dalitz decay. For this reason the Committee recommends that the collaboration optimize the charm and the dilepton experiments separately by rearranging dedicated and common detector elements. The feasibility of each of the combinations should be supported by detailed and realistic detector simulations. In a staged approach an upgraded HADES detector could measure low-mass pairs in stage 2 whereas CBM will be commissioned for measurements at full energy in stage 3. At this time it is too early to comment on the detailed cost of the experiment but the Committee believes that the physics goals of the CBM experiment can be reached with a detector having a price tag of about 50 M Euros. We, however, urge the collaboration to critically scrutinize all individual components of the detector concerning the technology choices as well as the required coverage to optimize the costs. The committee remains concerned about adequate human resources available to the collaboration. The collaboration stated goal is to submit a full TDR by the end of While this is a challenge, the collaboration must work with the FAIR management to present a viable project definition in a time scale compatible with the overall FAIR decision schedule.

10 As a preamble to the PAX and ASSIA reports, the PAC would like to stress again the uniqueness of the program with polarized anti-protons and polarized protons that could become available at GSI. The primary physics goals are the measurement of the transversity distribution h 1 in the valence quark region with the polarized Drell-Yan process, exclusive polarized anti-proton-proton scattering and the separation of the time-like form factors of the proton including the determination of their phase difference. The PAC also reiterates that there should be only one dedicated polarized antiproton experiment in the initial stages of the FAIR project. Preamble to PAX and ASSIA PAX main goals. Transversity distribution on the nucleon using proton and antiprotons polarized - directly accessible uniquely via the double transverse spin asymmetry A TT in the Drell-Yan production of lepton pairs. - time-like form factors of the proton including the determination of their phase difference.

11 Antiproton Polarizer Ring (APR) e-cooler APR CSR ABS Polarizer Target Internal Experiment Siberian Snake B Injection Extraction 150 m Polarization Buildup in APR parallel to measurement in HESR F. Rathmann et al., PRL 94, (2005) β=0.2 m q=1.5·10 17 s -1 T=100 K Longitudinal Q (300 mT) d b =ψ acc ·β·2  d t =d t (ψ acc ) l b =40 cm (=2·β) d f =1 cm, l f =15 cm

12 Antiproton spin polarization proposed scheme

13 The PAX collaboration has made significant progress from the last PAC meeting in deve- loping the concept for polarizing antiprotons at low energy in an antiproton polarization ring (APR) via polarization transfer from polarized electrons, accelerating them to.5 GeV/c in a 2nd ring (CSR) and then injecting them into the HESR for acceleration to 15 GeV/c. Polarized protons could also be stored in the CSR where asymmetric collisions could take place. The PAX collaboration also proposed a staged experimental approach starting with polarized antiprotons on a polarized gas target in the CSR, which could likely run simultaneously with PANDA. In our opinion the critical h1 measurement requires a minimum s of 200 GeV2 and a mini- mum average luminosity of cm -2 s -1 to be compelling. At present the projected lumi- nosity at high energy does not reach the 1031 goal. Therefore we believe it is premature to approve the present proposal. However the PAC considers it is essential for the FAIR project to commit to polarized anti- proton capability at this time and include polarized transport and acceleration capability in the HESR, space for installation of the APR and CSR and associated hardware, and the APR in the core project. The PAC report on PAX

14 We request the PAX collaboration to: 1- Commit to the construction and testing of the APR (IKP Jülich appears to be the optimal location) 2- Explore all options to increase the luminosity to the target value specified above 3- Prepare a more detailed physics proposal and detector design for each of the proposed stages. These stages may include: a- 3.5 GeV/c polarized antiprotons on a polarized proton target b- 15 GeV/c polarized antiprotons with the PANDA detector (for single spin asymmetries) c- 15 GeV/c polarized antiprotons on a polarized proton target in a dedicated detector

15 Collisions of 15 GeV/c antiprotons with 3.5 GeV/c polarized protons. The opportunities and physics case are certainly advanced if the HESR is able to run at momenta higher than 15 GeV/c, as well as improved antiproton production rate and cooling capabilities in CR and RESR, and we encourage initiatives to reach that goal. The PAC understands this approach places a significant additional burden on the FAIR accelerator team to face the additional constraints and developments associated with this project. The PAX proposed acceleration scheme has been presented to the TAC and a separate report will be provided. It is anticipated that the expertise and facilities of the COSY team could make major contributions. The PAX collaboration is already strong with about 200 people (in typically 30 labs from 8 countries), who stress their strong commitment in this project. Also there is a strong connection (MoU is signed) between the GSI and FZJ laboratories.

16 The document provided by the ASSIA collaboration is not at the level of a proposal. They still consider that studies of optimum luminosity and energy requirements should be pursued, in particular to perform measurements of the transversity observables in the so-called safe region (above the J/y resonance region). At this stage, the detector is not defined due to the unspecified aspects of the accelera- tion scheme proposed by this collaboration. The PAC reiterates its opinion that there should be only one detector dedicated to spin physics. The ASSIA collaboration is about 100 people, with 2-3 leading laboratories. Several groups are however heavily involved in other experiments over the next 5 years, and there were concerns for their commitments to the FAIR project. The ASSIA people are willing to join working groups on acceleration issues. This could initiate a possible future collaboration between PAX and ASSIA, which is strongly encouraged by the PAC. PAC report on ASSIA