Child Development From Zygote to High School Senior

Warm-Up Decade 0-9________ ________ _________ 10-19________ ________ _________ 20-29________ ________ _________ 30-39________ ________ _________ 40-49________ ________ _________ 50-59________ ________ _________ 60-69________ ________ _________ 70-79________ ________ _________ 80-89________ ________ _________

Development Through Life Prenatal Development and the Newborn  Conception  Prenatal Development  The Competent Newborn Infancy and Childhood  Physical Development  Cognitive Development

Development Through Life Adolescence  Physical Development  Cognitive Development  Social Development  Emerging Adulthood Adulthood  Physical Development  Cognitive Development  Social Development

Issues in Developmental Psychology IssueDetails Nature/Nurture How do genetic inheritance and experience influence our behavior? Continuity/Stages Is development a gradual, continuous process or a sequence of separate stages? Stability/Change Do our personality traits persist throughout life, or do we become different persons as we age?

Prenatal Development

How, over time, did we become who we are? From zygote to birth, development progresses in an orderly, though fragile, sequence.

Conception A single sperm cell (male), penetrates the outer coating of the egg (female), and fuses to form one fertilized cell.

Prenatal Development A zygote is a fertilized cell with 100 cells that becomes increasingly diverse. At about 14 days, the zygote turns into an embryo.

Prenatal Development At 9 weeks, an embryo turns into a fetus.

Month 1 Zygote Rapid division of cells Nervous system begins to develop ½ inch long

Month 2 Heart and blood vessels form (Begins to beat) Head develops rapidly Eyes begin to form detail Internal organs develop (digestive) Arms/legs form Sex distinguished 1 inch

Month 3 Head growth rapid Rapid bone formation Digestive organs function Arms, legs, fingers move 3 inches

Month 4 Rapid growth lower parts of body Distinct bones Reflexes Detectable heartbeat Sex organs fully formed 7 inches

Month 5 Mother feels reflexes Downy fuzz Ears/nose develop cartilage Fingernails/toenails Hiccups, thumb- sucking, kicking 12 inches

Month 6 Eyes and eyelids fully developed Fat forms under skin 14 inches

Month 7 Cerebral cortex of brain develops rapidly 17 inches long

Month 8 Fat deposits for later use Fingernails reach beyond fingertips Still 17 inches but heavier

Month 9 Body hair shed Organs functioning actively Settles into birth position 21 inches

Teratogens Chemicals or viruses that can enter the placenta and harm the developing fetus, causing birth defects. Greek for Monster

Teratogens Dosage/Threshold- Can only effect fetus after a certain amount/level of exposure Timing: - Effect depends upon the timing of exposure. - First trimester critical period of organ and limb development - Fetal brain throughout pregnancy - Two weeks following conception unlikely to cause birth defects.

Teratogens Congenital Infections 1. HIV 2. Rubella 3. Syphilis 4. Cytomegalovirus 5. Toxoplasmosis 6. Varicella

Teratogens Chemicals, Drugs and Medications 1. Alcohol6. Heroine 2. Thalidomide7. Methamphetamine 3. Cigarettes8. Anticonvulsants 4. Cocaine9. Lithium 5. Crack 10.

Teratogens Physical Agents 1. Radiation therapy for cancer 2. X-Rays Maternal Factors 1. Maternal Diabetes 2. Maternal PKU