Section 1 “Europeans Explore the East” Chapter 19 Section 1 “Europeans Explore the East”

For “God, Glory, and Gold” Europeans Seek New Trade Routes Main reason for exploration is to gain wealth Contact during Crusades spurs demand for Asian goods Muslims and Italians control trade from East to West Other European nations want to bypass these powers

The Spread of Christianity The desire to spread the religion motivates Europeans to explore Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias wants to serve God and king

Crusades Demand for luxury items Break Italian & Muslim monopoly Find alternate routes to Asia Feudalism over—adventure Curiosity about the world (Renaissance) Spread Christianity

Magnetic compass Better Maps Sextant Astrolabe Better ships Stern Rudder Quadrant

Technology Makes Exploration Possible In 1400s the caravel makes it possible to sail against wind

Technology Makes Exploration Possible Astrolabe makes navigation easier Used to determine altitude of stars Magnetic compass improves tracking of direction

The astrolabe was eventually replaced by the sextant.

Another nice innovation was the compass from China. First Chinese mention of something like a compass is about 70 AD. First mention of one used for navigation is 1119.

New triangular sails were another big deal New triangular sails were another big deal. They allowed ships to travel against the wind by tacking (zig- zagging).

Portugal Leads the Way The Portuguese Explore Africa Prince Henry supports exploration In 1419, he founds navigation school on coast of Portugal By 1460, there are trading posts along west coast of Africa

Portuguese Sailors Reach Asia 1488 – Bartolomeu Dias sails around the southern tip of Africa 1498 – Vasco da Gama sails to India 1499 – da Gama returns to Portugal with valuable cargo

Spain Also Makes Claims A Rival Power Columbus sails for Spain Reaches the Americas instead of Asia Opens Americas to exploration and colonization

Treaty of Tordesillas 1493 – Pope decides to divide these lands between Spain and Portugal with an imaginary line through the Atlantic Ocean 1494 – agreement formalized by the Treaty of Tordesillas

Trading Empires in the Indian Ocean Portugal’s Trading Empire 1509 – Portugal defeats Muslims, takes over Indian Ocean trade 1510 – Portugal captures Goa, port city in western India 1511 – Portugal seizes Malacca, in Malay Peninsula These gains break Muslim-Italian hold on Asian trade

Other Nations Challenge the Portuguese English and Dutch begin moving into Asia in the 17th century Dutch have more ships than any other nation in 1600 Dutch and English weaken Portuguese control of Asian trade Dutch then overpower English Form Dutch East India Company for Asian Trade

European Trade Outposts 1619 – Dutch set up trade headquarters at Batavia, on Java Throughout 1600s, Dutch trade grows Amsterdam, Dutch capital, becomes wealthy city Dutch also control southern tip of Africa England’s East India Company gains strength in India France also gains trade foothold in India