Color Monitors, Display Processors Resolution

► A display monitor capable of displaying many colors. Display monitor Display monitor ► In contrast, a monochrome monitor can display only two colors - - one for the background and one for the foreground. Monochrome monitor Monochrome monitor Color Monitors

► Color monitors implement the RGB color model by using three different phosphors that appear red, green, and blue when activated. Continue… Color monitors Miniature color video monitor

► By placing the phosphors directly next to each other, and activating them with different intensities, color monitors can create an unlimited number of colors. ► In practice, however, the real number of colors that any monitor can display is controlled by the video adapter. ► Color monitors based on CRT technology employ three different techniques to merge phosphor triplets into pixels:  Dot-trio shadow masks place a thin sheet of perforated metal in front of the screen. Since electrons can pass only through the holes in the sheet, each hole represents a single pixel. Continue…

Continue… Shadow masks

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 Aperture-grille CRTs place a grid of wires between the screen and the electron guns. Continue… Aperture grille

 Slot-mask CRTs uses a shadow mask but the holes are long and thin. It's sort of a cross between the dot-trio shadow mask and aperture-grill techniques. Continue…

Difference b/w Dot Pitch (Aperture Grill) & Dot Pitch (Shadow Mask) Aperture grille based Shadow mask based

Difference b/w Shadow mask, Aperture grille & Slot Mask

► Multi-input display processors combine multiple signals from real-time video and computer inputs on a single high-resolution projector of monitor. ► A multi-input display processor allows for up to 12 inputs to be displayed on a single monitor, where inputs can be from a mixture of video and computer sources. ► There are many types of multi-input display processors, depending on the number of inputs given to them and the number of outputs. ► Examples include LED display processors, video display monitors, and multi image display processor. Display Processors (Multi-input Display Processors) Processors )

► LED display processors are the best display medium for both indoor and outdoor applications. LED display processors provide features such as brightness, dynamic color, and resolution options. ► Video display monitors have a multi-format mode and the ability to automatically recognize and integrate the plethora on new video and computer sources. At the same time video display monitors provide output compatible with an equally wide range of display devices. ► A multi image display processor generally incorporates all conceivable monitor wall features in one or more computer, projection, or plasma displays. Other multi-input display processors are commonly available. Continue…

► There are several ways in which multi-input display processors function. ► Multi-input display processors have powerful image processing and outstanding image quality feature along with web-based control, dynamic window sizing, borders and titling, and smooth zoom/pans and flexible image windows. ► Hardware of the processors consists of an RGB/component, a composite component, and a video component which are male or female. ► In LED display processors the screen produces a signal that has a native resolution of 486 to 576 (NTSC/PAL) vertically, and about 240 to 720 horizontally, depending on the quality of the source and to reproduce these signals without loss of image resolution, a minimum screen resolution of 648×486 (NTSC) or 768×576 (PAL) is required. Continue…

► A multi image display processor has a modular design that allows up to 32 inputs (HD-SDI, SDI, Composite, Y/C, RGB progressive, and streaming video). ► Video display monitors have a 2000:1 contrast, 800 x 600 native resolution, native 4:3 aspect ratio, single-chip DLP with 6- segment, and 4x wheel rotation speed. Video projectors accept a source and project the image from that source to the screen. ► Video projectors work as processing circuitry which converts an analog or digital video input signal into something that can be projected onto a screen. Multi-input display processors are designed and manufactured to meet most industry specifications. ► Multi-input display processors are used in many applications. Examples include their use in critical network information and weather updates. Continue…

► Multi-input display processors are used in command centers and control rooms, network operations centers (NOCs), presentation rooms, and teleconferencing. Also, LED technology provides mega bright billboard signs. Multi-input display processors should adhere to International Standards Organization (ISO) standards. Continue…

 Toshiba has expanded its family of RISC-based System-on-Chip processors for automotive displays with an IC that offers high system-level integration to reduce the cost, complexity and component count of implementing TFT displays in sizes from 3 to 5" and with resolutions up to VGA. Supplied in a compact QFP package, the Capricorn-A provides a low-cost, single-chip solution for driving and managing the small-size TFTs increasingly found in instrument clusters in medium- to high-end vehicles. It features a powerful 64-bit processor and an advanced graphical-display controller with a dedicated accelerator function. Display Processor for use in automotive TFTs

► The display resolution of a digital television or display device is the number of distinct pixels in each dimension that can be displayed. ► It can be an ambiguous term especially as the displayed resolution is controlled by all different factors in cathode ray tube (CRT) and flat panel or projection displays using fixed picture-element (pixel) arrays. picture-element (pixel) arrays. ► One use of the term “display resolution” applies to fixed-pixel- array displays such as plasma display panels (PDPs), liquid crystal displays (LCDs), Digital Light Processing (DLP) projectors, or similar technologies, and is simply the physical number of columns and rows of pixels creating the display (e.g., 1920×1200). Display resolution

This chart shows the most common display resolutions, with the color of each resolution type indicating the display ratio (e.g., red indicates a 4:3 ratio)

► A consequence of having a fixed grid display is that, for multi- format video inputs, all displays need a "scaling engine" (a digital video processor that includes a memory array) to match the incoming picture format to the display. ► The term “display resolution” is usually used to mean pixel dimensions (e.g., 1920×1200), which does not tell anything about the resolution of the display on which the image is actually formed. In digital measurement the display resolution would be given in pixels per inch. ► In analog measurement, if the screen is 10 inches high, then the horizontal resolution is measured across a square 10 inches wide. This is typically stated as “xxx lines horizontal resolution, per picture height.” ► Example: Analog NTSC and PAL TVs can typically display 480 (for NTSC) lines horizontal resolution, per picture height which is equivalent to 640 total lines from left-edge to right-edge. ► Computers have higher resolutions than most televisions. Continue…

► Most computers have higher resolution than T.V. ► The following chart will show the linear size of digital pictures taken at certain resolutions as well as their linear and pixel file sizes working in RGB, assuming a dpi of 240, and a video card set at 24 bit depth or millions of colors: Continue… PIXEL DIMENSIONS LINEAR FILE SIZE INCHES FILE SIZE 640 x x K 1024 x x MB 1152 x x MB 1280 x x MB 1280 x x MB Resolution

Low Resolution PCs (mid 1970s) When the first affordable "personal computers" began to appear, their "graphics" capabilities were generally quite chunky by today's standards. The popular Radio Shack TRS-80 computer had a graphics resolution of 128 x 48 dots in black and white (or black and amber if you had one of the trendy "low eye strain" monitors). Programmers in those days usually compressed their graphic data in order to squeeze the maximum visual capabilities into the limited program memory of their computers. However, no real standard graphic file formats existed; everyone simply did their own thing. When the first affordable "personal computers" began to appear, their "graphics" capabilities were generally quite chunky by today's standards. The popular Radio Shack TRS-80 computer had a graphics resolution of 128 x 48 dots in black and white (or black and amber if you had one of the trendy "low eye strain" monitors). Programmers in those days usually compressed their graphic data in order to squeeze the maximum visual capabilities into the limited program memory of their computers. However, no real standard graphic file formats existed; everyone simply did their own thing.

From the dozens of contenders for the personal computer marketplace, the field gradually narrowed to two main players: IBM PCs and Apple Macintoshes. Most of the business world was adopting IBM PCs, which were mainly used for text- mode business applications (eg. Word Processing, Databases, Spreadsheets). The IBM PC originally came with either a Monochrome Graphics Adapter (MGA) or with a Colour Graphics Adapter (CGA), which allowed four colour graphics. The subsequent Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA) allowed sixteen colours as well as higher resolution (640 x 350 pixels). This higher resolution allowed improvements such as "Print Previews". From the dozens of contenders for the personal computer marketplace, the field gradually narrowed to two main players: IBM PCs and Apple Macintoshes. Most of the business world was adopting IBM PCs, which were mainly used for text- mode business applications (eg. Word Processing, Databases, Spreadsheets). The IBM PC originally came with either a Monochrome Graphics Adapter (MGA) or with a Colour Graphics Adapter (CGA), which allowed four colour graphics. The subsequent Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA) allowed sixteen colours as well as higher resolution (640 x 350 pixels). This higher resolution allowed improvements such as "Print Previews". Graphics file formats were becoming more common, with much better compression possible. Medium Resolution PCs (mid 1980s)

Since the introduction of the VGA (Video Graphics Array) and subsequent extended VGA modes, the IBM PCs could at last display photo-realistic images and movies. Users could now bring graphics into their computers via scanners, digital cameras, even video capture, and have them displayed on their screen or incorporated into their documents. There is now an abundance of different graphic formats for various different types of images and movies. The most common of these are GIF, PNG and JPG (still images) or MPG and WMV (movies). High Resolution PCs (mid 1990s on)

The main advances since then have been in 3-D image rendering capabilities. For example, computer software can now utilise a computer's advanced graphics features to produce stunningly realistic three-dimensional scenes in such things as games or 3-D designs. The main advances since then have been in 3-D image rendering capabilities. For example, computer software can now utilise a computer's advanced graphics features to produce stunningly realistic three-dimensional scenes in such things as games or 3-D designs.Continue…