Redefining Disability Mobile Accessibility Testing By Priti Rohra Head Accessibility Testing BarrierBreak Technologies

Redefining Disability Objectives Define Accessibility Identify types of disabilities Identify the need for Accessibility Understand Accessibility standards & guidelines Perform Accessibility Testing across platforms Understand how people with disabilities interact with mobile application

Redefining Disability What is Accessibility? The ease with which one can reach a certain place, person or thing Civil right - Right to participate within a society on an equal footing with everyone else Accessibility & Technology Design products that can be used by people with & without disabilities Follow standards to ensure device independence

Redefining Disability Types of Disabilities Visual Hearing Learning Mobility

Redefining Disability Why Accessibility? Access to Application for all users Enhance the user experience for PWDs Reduce the cost – single solution for all Comply with Accessibility Standards Increase the customer base > Revenue Meet social responsibilities

Redefining Disability Access Issues faced by PWDs Visual:  Unlabelled form fields  Missing text alternatives for images Hearing:  Missing captions for video  Missing alternate for audio alerts Mobility:  Lack of keyboard support  Illogical tab order Learning:  No means to control moving content  Missing instructions

Redefining Disability Accessibility Guidelines & Standards Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 Web Accessibility Initiative Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA) 1.0 Mobile Web Best Practices

Redefining Disability Overview of WCAG 2.0 Based on 4 principles: –Perceivable –Operable –Understandable –Robust Each principle comprises of a set of guidelines: 12 in all Each guideline consist of Success Criteria's which need to be met: 61 in all Success criteria's need to be met at 3 conformance levels: –Level A –Level AA –Level AAA

Redefining Disability Platform Specific Guidelines iOS: Accessibility programming guide for iOS Android: Designing for Accessibility Blackberry: Best practices designing accessible applications Windows Mobile: Accessibility & Ergonomic Guideline

Redefining Disability Accessibility Features on iphone VoiceOver Zoom Large Text Invert text colors Mono Audio Speak auto text

Redefining Disability iOS & Accessibility Accessibility support available from iOS 3.0 onwards UI Accessibility Programming Interface that includes tools that help design accessible applications: –Helps applications provide all the user interface information; –Required by VoiceOver to communicate to users –Part of UIKit & is implemented on standard UIKit controls & views by default

Redefining Disability Test for Accessibility on iOS Accessibility Inspector VoiceOver

Redefining Disability Accessibility Inspector  Runs in iOS Simulator  Displays accessibility information for each element  Helps simulate VoiceOver interaction with UI elements  Examine the information provided by an element  To ensure that the element is accessible

Redefining Disability VoiceOver  In-built screen reader that provides complete speech support  Activate:  Settings > General > Accessibility > VoiceOver  User’s location is indicated with a black rectangle box surrounding the element – VoiceOver cursor  With VoiceOver running, check if:  Labels are meaningful  Spoken hints are descriptive  All elements are reachable  Content & functionality of the application is accessible

Redefining Disability VoiceOver Gestures  Drag over the screen: Selects and speaks each item as you touch it  Single tap: Speak the selected item  Double tap: Activate the selected item  Two-finger tap: Stop speaking the current item  Flick right or left: Select the next or previous item  Two-finger flick up: Read all accessible items from the top of the screen  Two-finger flick down: Read all accessible items from the current position  Flick up or down: Move the insertion point forward or backwards in the text field  Flick up or down with three fingers: Scroll in a list or area on the screen  Flick up or down with a single finger: Adjust the slider – increase or decrease the values

Redefining Disability Android & Accessibility  Android 1.6 & later - Basic in-built applications  Not enabled by default;  Settings > Accessibility > Enable Accessibility –Visual Impairments: Talkback Kickback SoundBack  Other impairments:  Accessible applications are available from Android Market  Free as well as commercial

Redefining Disability Android & Accessibility- 2 UI of the application is navigable using a direction controller: –trackball or D-pad Label all UI widgets/elements: –Image buttons, Edit fields To implement a custom view: –Ensure that it delivers appropriate accessibility events; –As the user interacts

Redefining Disability Accessible Applications – Android Market  Big Launcher  Google Talk  Text to Speech Toy  Vlingo virtual assistant  Voice search

Redefining Disability Talkback  Turn on Talkback by Eyes-Free Project  Pre-installed on Android based phones or;  Download for free from Android Market  Ensure that Text-to-Speech engine is installed:  If not, install the required voice data  Enable Accessibility & Talkback  Select Talkback as the default input method

Redefining Disability Test with Talkback  Check if you can navigate to all screen elements logically using the virtual D-pad  Check if all elements are labeled  Ensure that they are appropriate  Check if notifications are read out  Check if elements can be clicked using D-pad, Trackball or a keypad  Check if all the content & functionality is identified by Talkback for users

Redefining Disability Let Technology be Inclusive! Assistive Technology Products –Visual ImpairmentVisual Impairment –Hearing ImpairmentHearing Impairment –Mobility ImpairmentMobility Impairment –Learning ImpairmentLearning Impairment –ElderlyElderly Accessibility Services –AccessibleAccessible Web Development –POUR Accessibility Testing Design Review Template Review Component Test Product Accessibility TestingProduct Accessibility Testing Task Oriented Testing –Accessible Conversion Digital Talking Book PDF Conversion Events and Initiatives

Redefining Disability Where to Contact Me? phone: /6 Connect with us at: barrierbreak