Expect more from us. We do. Infection Control in the Health Care Setting By: DeAnna Looper RN, CHPN, CHPCA Chief Corporate Clinical Consultant, Legal Nurse Consultant, HPNA Approved Educator, ELNEC Certified Trainer, Certified Grief Recovery Specialist.

Expect more from us. We do. Learning Objectives Describe the adverse affects of infections Describe common types of infections Describe the causes of infections Describe risk factors for infections Describe common signs & symptoms of infections Describe ways to reduce infections

Expect more from us. We do. Adverse Affects of Infections Impede quality of life Increase in pain levels Lead to serious illness Financially crippling

Expect more from us. We do. Infections in LTC Facilities 1.6 to 3.8 million infections occur annually in LTC. Rates of death in residents 0.04 to 0.71 per 1000 resident days. Pneumonia is the leading cause of death Infections are the leading reason for transferring residents to hospitals. Financial loss to the LTC facility

Expect more from us. We do. Microorganisms that cause Infections Bacteria Staphylococcus – common in wounds Streptococcus – common in respiratory tract E-Coli-commonly caused by food contamination Virus Colds, Influenza, HIV, Hepatitis Fungus & parasites Yeast, skin and nail infections

Expect more from us. We do. Spreading of Infections Chain of Infection (How it is passed) Causative Agent Reservoir of the Agent Portal of Exit

Expect more from us. We do. Spreading of Infection Route of Transmission Portal of Entry Susceptible Host

Expect more from us. We do. Common Risk Factors Poor nutritional status Emotional stress Very young Very old Weakened by illness or chronic disease Medications

Expect more from us. We do. Early Signs of Infection Fever Malaise Elevated white count (on routine CBC) Complaints from resident/patients of “not feeling well” Loss of appetite

Expect more from us. We do. Localized Signs and Symptoms Redness/discoloration Warmth/heat Streaking (not the one Ray Stevens referred to) Draining or pus / Color of the drainage Swelling, pain, or tenderness Foul odor

Expect more from us. We do. Systemic Signs and Symptoms Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea Labored breathing Sweating / Chills Enlarged Lymph Nodes Mental Status Changes

Expect more from us. We do. Preventing or Reducing Infections Standard precautions-Follow universal precaution methods Alcohol Gel stations in addition to hand washing Use disinfection cleaning procedures Healthy staff Hand washing

Expect more from us. We do. Preventing or Reducing Infections Encourage staff with an illness to stay home Cover mouth when cough or sneeze

Expect more from us. We do. The Golden Ticket Hand washing is the “Golden Ticket” to preventing infections. Wash with soap and water whenever your hands are visibly soiled Wash hands before and after eating, drinking, smoking or even placing a piece of chewing gum in mouth.

Expect more from us. We do. Hand Washing –The Golden Ticket Before and after using the restroom After removing gloves At the start and finish of your shift Touching contaminated equipment

Expect more from us. We do. Hand Washing 101 Wet first with warm water About 5cc of soap (half dollar size) Rub hands together for seconds Cover all surfaces of the hands and fingers Rinse thoroughly Dry with paper towels Use paper towel to turn off water and to open the door Discard in nearest trash can

Expect more from us. We do. Hand Sanitizer Use 101 Apply 2-3 ml of an alcohol sanitizer (quarter size) Rub hands together Cover all surfaces of your hands and fingers Include areas around and under fingernails Continue rubbing hands together until alcohol dries 10 – 15 seconds

Expect more from us. We do. Remember Your PPE Gloves Gowns Eye wear Splash shields Shoe and hair covers

Expect more from us. We do. Q & A ? ? ? ?

Expect more from us. We do. References WHO World Health Organization. “Save Lives-Clean your hands” act_sheet_en.pdf. Retrieved: 22 July, act_sheet_en.pdf Encyclopedia Britannia. “Definitions” Retrieved 23 July, CDC –Centers for Disease Control. “Handwashing: Clean Hands Save Lives” Retrieved 23, July

Expect more from us. We do. References Chicago Journals. Volume 29. No. 9. September “Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology” Retrieved: 22, July Ha’o Schneider, Gloria, The 800 Seniors.com Blog. “Infection Control in Skilled Nursing and Assisted Living”, May 13, on+Control+ Retrieved 23, July on+Control

Expect more from us. We do. References Carter, Pamela J. “Lippincott's Textbook for Nursing Assistants: A Humanistic Approach to Caregiving” March 1, Print. John Hopkins Medicine. “Hospital Epidemiology & Infection Control” Retrieved: 23 July 2013