1 Chemometric in Civil Engineering Alfred Suleymanov Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering

2 The general structure of the University The University is subdivided in: 1. Institute of Architecture and Design Faculty of General Architectural and Art Training Architecture Faculty Design Faculty Building Design Department Architectural School for Children DASHKA

3 2 Institute of Transport Faculty of Transport Engineering Faculty Engineering Basics The general structure of the University

4 3. Institute of Economy and Building Management Faculty of Economics Faculty of Part-time and Extended Studies

5 The general structure of the University 4. Centre for Humanities Sciences 5. Faculties Building Science Engineering Faculty of Engineering Systems and Ecology Faculty of Construction Technologies Engineering Faculty for Part-time Studies

6 Specialties - Architecture - Building Engineering - Restoration and Reconstruction of Architectonical Heritage - Design of Architectonical Environment - Interior Art - Industrial and Civil Engineering

7 Specialties - Economy and Business Management - Expertise and Real Estate Management - Heat Supply and Ventilation - Water Supply and Water Removal - Production of Constructional Material, Manufactures and Construction

8 Specialties - Highway and Airdrome - Transport Organization and Safety - Bridges and Transport Tunnels - Engineering Protection of Environment - Informational Systems and Technologies - Professional Education (Engineering, Wiring and Repair Technologies)

9 Scientific directions - Mechanics of deforming solids - Building facilities, edifices and constructions - Heat supply, ventilation, air conditioning, natural gas supply and illumination - Water supply, sewerage systems, building water- preserving systems.

10 Scientific directions - Building materials and products - Philosophy of science and technology - Theory and history of architecture, restoration and reconstruction of historical-architectural heritage - Architecture of building and constructions. Creative conceptions of architectural activity - City and rural inhabited locality planning

11 Chemometric techniques in civil engineering monitoring of historical buildings with non-intrusive measurements (image analysis, acoustic and ultrasonic probing ) estimation of heterogeneity in concrete slabs, identification of the substrate defects on painted slates, etc. (novel methods of texture analysis);

12 Chemometric techniques in civil engineering ecological analysis of pollution; (PCA, PLS and N- way methods) analysis of aging and degradation of various materials (multivariate projection methods) quantitative structure – property relationship (QSPR)

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14 Pneumatic and awning constructions (textile architecture)

15 Structure of Composite 1-textile reinforcing basis 2-film covering (matrix)

16 Problems of prediction of polymer materials durability Degradation processes take place at various structural levels with manifestation of various relationships of cause and effect Nowadays there is no general theory of polymer aging and destruction Traditional kinetic approach fails in description of the complicated aging phenomena including both chemical and physical ways of degradation

17 Problems of prediction … The situation is even more aggravated with multi- dimensionality and multi-criteriality Under such circumstances we are forced to apply the soft models for prediction of polymer materials durability !

18 Choice and substantiation of aging parameters (data for construction of mathematical model) Developing the practical methods for durability prediction it is necessary to choose such characteristics that clearly represent the relationships between the structural changes and material quality Certainly, it would be nice to get these characteristics without complex methods of structural analysis Basically, it is impossible to single out a parameter that unequivocally represents both physical and chemical processes in polymeric materials at their aging

19 Physic-mechanical properties are measured and used for investigation Durability σ and elongation at break ε The initial module of elasticity Е Creep at ageing Δ Color ΔΕ Shine Transparency α Limiting wetting angle θ

20 Colorimetric system CIE Lab

21 The following aging conditions were simulated UV sun radiation Rain Temperature Tensile stress

22 Climatic chambers for experimental researches

23 Climatic chambers for experimental researches

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25 PVC films before and after ageing

26 Mechanical properties

27 Image properties

28 Durability and Image correlations

29 Orange pigment at aging

30 Blue pigment at aging

31 Blue pigment at aging

32 PCA Loadings

33 PCA Scores

34 PLS Model Aging conditions TimeThicknessLoadingIntensity X1X1 Optical properties ColorShineAngleOpt. Density X2X2 Mechanical properties TensileModulusElongationCreep Y training Y new Predictor matrix XResponse matrix Y PLS

35 Tensile strength prediction Calibration set Test set

36 Elongation at break prediction Calibration set Test set

37 Green Color Prediction

38 Regression coefficients B w

39 Conclusions Multivariate approach enables us to analyze jointly the material properties in the course of its aging The presented approach substitutes the mechanical testing by a rapid and non-destructive measurement of such physical properties as color, shine and others

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