ICSS- Asia AIT, Thailand November 23-24, 2009 BIOENERGY POTENTIAL IN ASIA Shinya Yokoyama The University of Tokyo

BIOMASS ENERGY CONVERSION TECHNOLOGY

SHORT, MEDIUM, AND LONG TERM TERGETS OF BIOMASS CONVERSION TECHNOLOGY Short Term: + Power generation, Cogeneration Small Scale Gasification + Anaerobic Digestion to Methane Production + Bioethanol Production from Sugars and Grains + Pyrolysis + Biodiesel + Thermal Utilization Medium Term: + Bioethanol Production from Cellulosic Materials Long Term: + BTL

POTENTIAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES CP * RPR * AF = ARP CP : Crop Production 1) RPR: Residue Production Ratio （ by weight ） 2)~6) AF : Availability Factor 2) ARP: Available Residue Production TRP: Total Residue Production = TRP TRP * NCV = TEP ， ARP * NCV = AEP NCV: Net Calorific Value 2)6)7) ARP: Available Energy Potential TEP: Total Energy Potential AEP: Available Energy Potential Source: 1) FAO Statistics(2007), 平均 2) Sajjakulnukit(2005,Thailand) 3) COGEN(2005, Indonesia) 4) MOA/DOE(1998,China) 5) NEDO(2007, ASEAN) 6) Soni(2005, Indonesia) 7)China Energy Statistical Yearbook(2005. China) ×RPR ×AF Crop Residue Available residue

E Diesel E Residue Sugar mill Power plant Vehicle Houses Power plant CH 4 CO 2 CH 4 E B B P P P Diesel Vehicle CO 2 P Field Residue CH 4 B B … Baseline emission P … Project emission … Input energy …Output energy System evaluated SYSTEM BOUNDARY

CDM POWER GENERATION PROJECTS USING AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES

CDM PROJECT SITES

AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES

ENERGY BALANCE OF POWER GENERATION

GHG EMISSIONS

POTENTIAL OF POWER GENERATION AND ENERGY PORTFOLIO

GHG REDUCTION POTENTIAL ChinaThailandIndonesia Available Residue (t-biomass/yr) 453,911,85435,661,136128,395,507 GHG reduction new biomass residue (t-CO 2 eq/t-biomass) GHG reduction (t-CO 2 eq/yr) 374,158,34919,470,62474,669,129 GHG emission (2006, t-CO 2 eq/yr) 6,018,000,000245,000,000280,000,000 GHG reduction potential 6.22%7.95%26.67%

RESULTS ChinaThailandIndonesia Resource Potential of agricultural residue t-biomass/yr 628,413,41974,644,339357,221,307 Availability % 72.00%64.88%75.55% Available residue t-biomass/yr 452,472,30048,432,741269,889,984 Available energy potential GJ/yr 6,788,362,652318,186,6641,314,484,952 Power generation Potential of power generation (average) GWh/yr 340,65121,691126,133 Alternative rate % 13.64%16.41%99.03% GHG reduction t-CO 2 eq /t-biomass GHG reduction potential t-CO 2 eq /t-biomass 374,158,34919,470,62474,669,129 GHG reduction rate % 6.22%7.95%26.67%

LCA OF BIOFUELS

KEY MESSAGE + Intimate Contact and Information Exchange to Avoid Labor, Time, and Expenditure etc. + Appropriate Technologies for Energy and Materials + Further Study for Sustainability of Biomass Utilization Including, for Example, Land Use Change, Competition with Food, Biodiversity etc. + Well Designed Regulation for Biomass Utilization + International Collaboration

Thank you very much