Sea Sediments Match the type with origins A.Cosmogenous1. dissolved elements B.Hydrogenous2. erosion C.Biogenous3. dust from space D.Terrogenous or4. shells.

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Presentation transcript:

Sea Sediments Match the type with origins A.Cosmogenous1. dissolved elements B.Hydrogenous2. erosion C.Biogenous3. dust from space D.Terrogenous or4. shells Lithogenous

Cosmogenous: cosmic dust Hydrogenous: dissolved elements such as the manganese nodules with lots of iron. Terrogenous/lithogenous: erosion of soil Biogenous: shells / living organisms

Sediment size from large to small Silt + clay = mud

Ooze distribution: yellow and green are silaceous (calcium has dissolved due to pressure and cold)

Definitions Ooze: layer of dead organisms made from biogenous sediment Carbonate compensation depth (CCD) is a level in the oceans below which the rate of supply of calcium carbonate equals the rate of dissolution, such that no calcium carbonate is preserved.

Process of ooze formation

LYSOCLINE/CCD: calcium carbonate compensation depth LYSOCLINE- RAPID CHANGE IN THE CALCIUM LEVELS AT DEPTHS OF ABOUT METERS

Sediment on continental shelves Calcareous biogenous sediments dominate tropical shelves. River-supplied sands and muds dominate temperate shelves. Glacial till and ice-rafted sediments dominate polar shelves.

Biogenous sediment producers Cocolithophores: Ca Foraminferans: Ca Diatoms: Si Radiolarians: Si

Ekman Grab Ekman Grab for soft Bottom sampling

Hydrogenous sediments Ferromanganese Nodules Hydrogenous deposits from as a result of chemical reactions within seawater or between seawater and sediments; most known example are manganese nodules, with „growth rates“ of 5-10 mm/million yr. Mined for world’s manganese supply.

Glomar Challenger The Glomar Challenger starts operations for the Deep- Sea Drilling Project. Over the years the OPD (Ocean Drilling Project) has drilled many sites. First major exploration of ocean floor sediments