Nervous System

Essential Questions How do the structures of the nervous system relate to its functions? How are other body systems interrelated to the nervous system?

Nervous System Functions Function is to gather, process, and respond to information Function is to gather, process, and respond to information The information is received from your five senses:  vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch Information is received, processed, and responded to in less than 1 second

Gathering and Responding to Information Stimulus  Something that causes a response Response  A reaction to a stimulus

Neurons Neurons = nerve cells Neurons = nerve cells Messages travel from neuron to neuron  From your senses, to the brain, and back

Nervous System Structures Central Nervous System  Brain  Spinal Cord Peripheral Nervous System  Nerves

The Brain Three Parts  Cerebrum  Cerebellum  Brain Stem

Cerebrum Controls  Behavior  Abstract thought processes, Problem solving  Attention, Creative thought  Reflection, Judgment  Initiative  Muscle movements, Skilled movements, Some motor skills  Physical reaction

Occipital Lobe of Cerebrum Vision Reading

Parietal Lobe Sense of touch Response to internal stimuli Sensory combination and comprehension Some language and reading functions Some visual functions

Frontal Lobe Planning Reasoning Impulse Control Emotions

Temporal Lobe Auditory memories & some hearing Visual memories & other memory Music Fear Some language & speech Sense of identity

Right Hemisphere The right hemisphere controls the left side of the body Responsible for spatial perception and emotion

Left Hemisphere The left hemisphere controls the right side of the body Responsible for language and logical processing

Corpus Callosum Responsible for communication between the left and right side of the brain

Cerebellum Cerebellum  Sits at back of head under cerebrum  Controls coordination and balance

Brain Stem Under cerebrum but in front of cerebellum Connects the brain to spinal cord Controls involuntary functions such as breathing, digestion, heart rate, sneezing, etc. Divided into  Pons  Medulla Oblongata

Spinal Cord Connects the large part of the peripheral nervous system to the brain  Information from sensory nerves transmitted up to brain  Brain’s interpretation sends message back to motor nerves Responsible for simple reflexes (withdrawal reflex, knee reflex)

Nervous System Structures Central Nervous System  Brain  Spinal Cord Peripheral Nervous System  Nerves

Peripheral Nervous System / Nerves Made up of sensory and motor nerves Sensory nerves receive messages and take to brain Motor nerves receive message from brain and respond Divided into two parts  Autonomic nervous system  Somatic nervous system

Autonomic Autonomic Nervous System Controls the movement of  Heart Muscle  Smooth Muscles found in organs and blood vessels  Involuntary Actions

Somatic Somatic Nervous System Controls the movement of  Skeletal Muscles  Voluntary Actions

The Nervous System and The Circulatory System Blood vessels run throughout the brain percent of body’s entire blood supply goes to brain with each heartbeat 20 percent of the body’s oxygen is used by brain When you are thinking hard, you may use up to 50% of body’s oxygen

The Nervous System and The Respiratory System The brain monitors the amount of air in the lungs and the levels of Oxygen / Carbon Dioxide in the body The brain regulates the rate of breathing

What affects nervous system function? Physical Injuries are the most common Physical Injuries are the most common  Injured neurons no longer send and receive signals  Results in paralysis Infection Infection Disease Disease Chemical Substances Chemical Substances  Slow down or speed up communication

Diseases / Disorders of Nervous System Multiple Sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis Lupus Lupus Aneurysm Aneurysm Stroke Stroke Epilepsy Epilepsy Parkinson’s Disease Parkinson’s Disease Bell’s Palsy Bell’s Palsy Cerebral Palsy Cerebral Palsy Meningitis Meningitis Autism Autism

Essential Questions How do the structures of the nervous system relate to its functions? How are other body systems interrelated to the nervous system?