Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Chapter 9 School Age

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition School Age  Period is known as school age, middle years, or late childhood  Characteristics  Starts with formal education and ends with puberty  Growth slow and steady  Children move from family toward peers  Children are less self-centered more goal directed  Loss of deciduous teeth and permanent teeth appear  Sexual tranquility replaces curiosity

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Physical Characteristics  Height and weight  Bone and muscle development  Sensory development  Dentition

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Physical Characteristics (continued)  Development of gastrointestinal and nervous system  Development of the immune system

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Vital Signs  Temperature  Pulse  Respirations  Blood pressure

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Developmental Milestones  Motor development  Increased muscle mass and strength  Improved gross and fine motor skills  Increased endurance and coordination

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Sexual Development  Still sexually curious  Learn about own sexuality  Freud’s period of normal homosexuality

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Psychosocial Development  Erikson’s stage of Industry  Seen as producers  School work important  Need for positive reinforcement  Need immediate gratification from work  Peer relationships very important  Family relationships important but secondary to friendships  Privacy important

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Discipline  Discipline is important—teaches boundaries and limits  Need praise and reward  Need to take responsibility for possessions and have small jobs at home

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Special Psychosocial Concerns  Television violence  Video/computer usage  Unsupervised time after school

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Cognitive Development  Piaget—Concrete operational stage  Causation  Concept of conservation  Seriation  Increased attention span  Able to follow rules  Concepts of time, space, and dimension

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Cognitive Development (continued)  Concerns regarding bullying  School an important aspect of this stage

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Moral Development  Move from Kohlberg’s preconventional stage to conventional stage—begin to make moral decisions  Reciprocity  Ethical decision-making  Internalize a moral code

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Communication  More effective communication  Improved vocabulary, grammar, and sentence structure  Use slang, swear words, and secret language

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Nutrition  Follow the food pyramid  Caloric intake based on body size, activity, and metabolism  Culture and family influence likes and dislikes  Need diets low in saturated fats  Breakfast an important meal  Food fads common

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Nutrition (continued)  Concern—Obesity  Physical effects  Psychological impact  Strategies to manage obesity

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Sleep and Rest  Sleep routines well established  Need hours of sleep  Some could benefit from short nap  Nightmares and interrupted sleep

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Play  Focus of play is based on reality and concrete thinking  Cooperative style using compromise  Team play and competitive sports begin  Crafts and quiet activities still of interest

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Safety  Motor vehicle accidents still a concern  Common accidents are related to:  Biking  Skating  Swimming/diving  Internet dangers  School violence

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Health Promotion  Considered a healthy period of development  Need good hygiene and daily care  Routine physical exams  Eye exam  Hearing tests  Scoliosis screening  Routine immunizations

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Special Health Concerns  Substance abuse  Alcohol  Tobacco  Drugs

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Chapter Challenge  List three developmental milestones for the school-age child  Describe the cognitive level of functioning at this age  Explain how moral development occurs at this stage