State of the World Land and Water Resources and their Sustainable Use for Food Security PARVIZ KOOHAFKAN, Land and Water Development Division FAO, Rome

1. Assessment of The State of The Land& Water Resources In 2030 world population will double Majority of population will live in urban areas Arable land expansion will be restricted Water Scarcity will Arise at Local and Regional Levels Natural Resources Degradation Will Accentuate Growth in food and agricultural production would need: –Sustainable land use intensification –environmental friendly technologies –maximising resource use efficiency

Evolution in Rural and Urbain Population

Land per capita allocation and distribution

Agricultural water use in percentage of water withdrawal - 93 developing countries

Irrigation efficiency

Water withdrawal in the world (in percentage of water resources) >25% >10% >5% <5%

Water scarcity? –Water scarcity is a local problem by nature –Water scarcity is also a regional problem –Water scarcity is not directly a global problem

Soil Degradation Severity by Region

Challenges for water and food Increasing water productivity Improving water use efficiency Mitigating environmental effects of irrigation Expanding small scale irrigation, mostly in Africa Increasing water harvesting and water conservation

Land degradation in drylands

Salt affected soils

Sand dune Enchrochement

Degradation of Rangelands

Desertification and migration

Sources of growth: all developing countries Agriculture: Towards 2015/30 Technical Interim Report

2. Analysis of issues and programmes on: Food security (SPFS) Food security (SPFS) Soil fertility Initiative(SFI) Soil fertility Initiative(SFI) Desertification (CCD) Desertification (CCD) Climate Change(UNFCC) Climate Change(UNFCC) Biological Diversity(CBD) Biological Diversity(CBD)

Technologi es & Practices Policies & planning Commonalties and cross cutting themes Water control Intensification Diversification National FS strategy Micro-credit South-South cooperation IPNS Land husbandry crop rotations NAP Cost benefit analysis Fertilizer market regulations SPFSSFI national plans/strategies working with land users Participatory and integrated approaches Combined short and long term benefits partnership building UNCCD Comparison between Strategies of Implementation UNFCC S&W conservation Agro-forestry Range land & livestock management Alternative energy M- tillage reforestation NAP & RAP Regional networks Inter-institutional arrangements Kyoto protocol CDM Forest Conservation UNCBD In-Situ & Ex-Situ Conservation Ecosystem management IPM National Assessment LPZ Plan of Action

SPFS: Status of Implementation

SFI: Status of Implementation under formulation NAP prepared

CCD: Status of Implementation first NAP document NDF launched Source UNSO

COMPLEMENTARITY BETWEEN SPFS/SFI/CCD/UNFCC/CBD COMPLEMENTARITY BETWEEN SPFS/SFI/CCD/UNFCC/CBD Analysis shows that all these programmes have: high inter-relation ; can not be treated separately – high inter-relation ; can not be treated separately –strong national ownership with international partnership –emphasis on resources but need to include more socio- economic aspects –rely generally on the same human resources at local and national level –Act on the same land Integrated & participatory approach at all levels; optimising priorities and harmonising actions

GLOBAL SOIL ORGANIC CARBON Source: Natural Resource Conservation Service and Donald Reicosky Restoring degraded soils globally Average C sequestration potential with Same as the atmospheric net increase in CO 2 !!

Soil fertility restoration Food security Combating Land degradation Crop & Soil biodiversity

Time Land use change Biomass Roots + S.O.M.

Promising Avenues for Agriculture Sustainable Intensification Û Low-Cost/ Low-Risk Irrigation Techniques Û Water Conservation and Water harvesting Û Reliance on Local Genetic Resources and Carefully-Selected Biotechnology Û Integrated Plant Nutrition Systems, Precision Farming, Û use of solar and wind energy in agricultural production and processing Integration and Diversification Û Integrated Watershed Management, Conservation Agriculture Û Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture (greenhouse agriculture wastewater treatment and re-use, drip irrigation,..) Û Export Crops, Organic Farming, Integrated Pest Management Û Agro-Tourism and Nature Conservation

ANIMAL HUSBAN DRY FARMER CROP HUSBANDRY SOIL, WATER AND PLANT NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT Landscape Markets Culture Integrated production systems