Naming Compounds and Writing Formulas for Acids and Bases

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Naming Acids and Bases: At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to: 1. List 3 properties of acids and bases 2. Name a binary and oxy- (ternary) acid 3. Name a base

6 Types Of Chemical Compounds Binary ionic - metal ion – nonmetal ion Binary molecular - two nonmetals Ternary ionic - at least one ion is a polyatomic ion Binary acid - H – nonmetal Ternary acid - H – Polyatomic ion Base- metal ion – OH

Acids & Bases  Their Properties

Properties of Acids  Taste sour  Itchy on skin, will burn if concentrated  Turns Blue litmus paper Red  Red litmus paper stays Red Reacts with Base - Neutralization: Acid + Base  Salt + Water Ex: Vinegar, Citrus Fruit

Properties of Bases  Taste Bitter  Feel Slippery  Turns Red litmus paper Blue  Blue litmus paper stays Blue Reacts with Acid - Neutralization: Acid + Base  Salt + Water Ex: Soap, Milk of Magnesia, Most Cleaners

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The Fourth Category Of Compounds Is Binary Acids. These compounds begin with hydrogen since they are “acids”. Attached to the hydrogen is a nonmetal ion Hydrogen – nonmetal ion

What are Binary Acids? Binary means two elements Naming All binary acids follow the pattern as shown next:

Naming Binary Acids  Contain “H” and one other element (nonmetal) To Name: Hydro + second element name shortened (stem) + ic + acid Ex: HCl = Hydro chlorine – ine + ic acid Hydrochloric acid HF = Hydroflouric acid

Prefix Hydro- Stem or root of nonmetal Suffix -icacid HCl Hydro HI HCl is a binary acid – hydrogen - nonmetal chlor ic acid iodicacid H 2 S Hydrosulfuricacid

The Fifth Category Of Compounds Is Ternary Acids. These compounds begin with hydrogen since they are “acids”. Attached to the hydrogen is a polyatomic ion Hydrogen – polyatomic ion

New Element On The Periodic Table Element : Woman Symbol : Xx Atomic Mass : 120 (More Or Less)

Before we name ternary acids lets learn some variations on the polyatomic ions… The standard ions that you have memorized that end in – ate can be changed by adding or subtracting oxygens to form 3 more ions.

Let’s see what happens when we add or subtract oxygens… IonName BrO 4 1- BrO 3 1- BrO 2 1- BrO 1- Perbromate Bromate Bromite Hypobromite

Let’s try it again… IonName SO 5 2- SO 4 2- SO 3 2- SO 2 2- Persulfate Sulfate Sulfite Hyposulfite

Now let’s use this information to name ternary acids, acids with polyatomic ions… The standard ions that you have memorized that end in – ate can be changed by adding or subtracting oxygens to form 3 more ions that can make 3 more acids.

Naming Ternary (Oxy)Acids (cont.)  Contain “H”, “O” and one more element To Name: Polyatomic ion “ate”  “ic” + acid Ex:HNO 3 = Nitr-ate  ic + acid Nitric acid HClO 3 = Chloric acid  An easy way to remember which goes with which…  “In the cafeteria, you ATE something ICky”

Naming Acids (cont.)  If the acid has one more oxygen than the base acid, the naming goes as follows: To Name: Per + Polyatomic ion “ate”  “ic” + acid Ex: HNO 4 = Per + Nitr-ate  ic + acid Pernitric acid H 2 SO 5 = Persulfuric acid

Naming Acids (cont.)  If the acid has one less oxygen than the base acid, the naming goes as follows: To Name: Polyatomic ion “ite”  “ous” + acid Ex: HNO 2 = Nitr-ite  ous + acid Nitrous acid H 2 SO 3 = Sulfurous acid

Naming Acids (cont.)  If the acid has two less oxygens than the base acid, the naming goes as follows: To Name: Hypo + Polyatomic ion “ite”  “ous” + acid Ex: HNO = Hypo + nitr-ite  ous + acid Hyponitrous acid HClO = Hypochlorous acid

New Element On The Periodic Table (cont.) Physical Properties of Xx : Generally round in form. Boils at nothing and may freeze anytime. Melts whenever treated properly. Very bitter if not used well. Chemical Properties : Very active. Possesses strong affinity to gold, silver, platinum, and precious stones. Violent when left alone. Able to absorb great amount of exotic food. Turns slightly green when placed beside a better specimen. Ages rapidly.

Summary of Naming Ternary Acids

Acid Nomenclature Flowchart

Assume that hydrogen is +1 and balance the charges. Phosphoric acid This is a Ternary acid (does not begin with “hydro-”. The “-ic” suffix indicates that the polyatomic ion in this acid has a suffix of “-ate” - phosphate H 3 PO 4 Writing Acids H 1+ PO 4 3-

Hypochlorous acidThis is a Ternary acid (does not begin with “hydro-”. The “-ous” suffix indicates that the polyatomic ion in this acid has a suffix of “-ite” – hypochlorite 1 less oxygen Hypo- means 1 more oxygen less H +1 ClO -1 HClO Assume that hydrogen is +1 and balance the charges. Writing Acids (cont.)

New Element On The Periodic Table (cont.) Usage of Xx : Highly ornamental. An extremely good catalyst for disintegration of wealth. Probably the single most powerful income reducing agent known. Caution : Highly explosive in inexperienced hands.

Naming Bases  Name the metal first  Add hydroxide Ex:NaOH = Sodium hydroxide KOH = Potassium hydroxide

Practice Naming Bases FormulaName NaOH Fe(OH) 3 Mg(OH) 2 Ni(OH) 2 NH 4 OH Sodium hydroxide Iron (III) hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide Nickel (II) hydroxide Ammonium hydroxide

Naming Acids and Bases: At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to: 1. List 3 properties of acids and bases 2. Name a binary and oxy- (ternary) acid 3. Name a base

Chemical Compound Quiz Hypochlorous acid helps get the laundry white and bright. What is the common name? Bleach

Summary of Naming Ternary Acids

Acid Nomenclature Flowchart

Exit Quiz Naming Bases FormulaName LiOH Mn(OH) 3 Ca(OH) 2 Cu(OH) 2 KOH Lithium hydroxide Manganese (III) hydroxide Calcium hydroxide Copper (II) hydroxide Potassium hydroxide

Exit Quiz Naming Acids AcidName H 2 SO 5 H 2 SO 4 H 2 SO 3 H 2 SO 2 Persulfuric acid Sulfuric acid Sulfurous acid Hyposulfurous acid

Exit Quiz Naming Acids AcidName H 2 CO 4 H 2 CO 3 H 2 CO 2 H4CH4C Percarbonic acid Carbonic acid Carbonous acid Hydrocarbonic acid

Exit Quiz Naming Acids AcidName HCl HClO 2 HClO HClO 4 Hydrochloric acid Chlorous acid Hypochlorous acid Perchloric acid

Exit Quiz Naming Various Acids FormulaBinary or Ternary Name HClB HIB HNO 2 T H 2 SO 5 T H 3 PO 2 T H4CH4CB Hydrochloric acid Nitrous acid Persulfuric acid Hypophosphorous acid Hydrocarbonic acid Hydroiodic acid

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