Scientific Classification & The Six Kingdoms Protista Archaebacteria Eubacteria Plantae Fungi Animalia

Why do we classify living things? The classification system helps us to better describe more of the interdependence between life on our planet. By classifying organisms we can better understand how they work together in ecosystems. Systems in our body and on our earth consist of structures and functions.

How did classification come about? Before the 1700’s- Scientists divided organisms into two groups- until they found organisms that did not fit into either group In the 1700’s - Carolus Linnaeus founded modern taxonomy, which is classifying things based on shape and structure The seven-level system of classification was founded

Scientific Classification Scientific classification is a method by which biologists group or categorize species of organisms. Domain  Did Kingdom King Phylum  Phillip Class  Come Order  Over Family  For Genus  Good Species  Spaghetti

Example: Human Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primate Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo Species: H. sapiens

Example: Tiger Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Feidae Genus: Panthera Species: P. tigris

Example: Coconut Palm Tree Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class: Liliopsida Order: Arecales Family: Arecaceae Genus: Cocos Species: C. nucifera

Three:

Domains (Super Kingdoms) Domains are the broadest classification level. Biologists organized all living organisms into either Eukarya Archaea EuBacteria

Fungi Protists

Protista Single or multi-cellular organisms that do not fit in the animal, plant, or fungi kingdom (most are single-celled) Eukaryotic Most are microscopic Reproduce asexually Move independently using cilia, flagella, or pseudopodia Some make their own food; others do not Some may be found in fresh-water ponds Examples: Protozoa (animal-like protists), Algae (plant-like protists), slime and water molds (fungi-like protists), Paramecium, and Euglena

Examples of Protista Locomotion This microscopic protist uses cilia to move around. Cilia are hair-like organelles extending from a eukaryotic cell to aid in locomotion. This protist uses a flagellum for locomotion. A flagellum is a long, whip-like organelle. Sketch these pictures on your notes. This protist uses pseudopodia to get around. Pseudo- means “fake” and –podia means “feet.” The cytoplasm of the cell temporarily moves about to aid in locomotion.

Archaebacteria about 90 degrees Celsius Ancient bacteria that thrives in extreme environments Have existed for at least 3 billion years Prokaryotic Single-celled Reproduce asexually Some make their own food Some move independently Love heat, moisture, & salt Form yellow and orange rings around hot springs where the temperature is about 90 degrees Celsius

Examples of Archaebacteria Sketch these pictures on your notes. Rings of archaebacteria around a hot spring A species of archaebacteria Underwater sea vent

Sketch these pictures on your notes. Eubacteria Sketch these pictures on your notes. All modern bacteria; excludes Archaebacteria Contains most bacteria that live on or near the Earth’s surface and most of the bacteria alive today Prokaryotic Single-celled Reproduce asexually Some make their own food Some move independently Can be found in the human body Esherichia coli- bacteria that lives in the human intestines that helps blood clot; E coli- changes milk into yogurt; Some cause illness in humans such as ear and sinus infections E. Coli

Sketch these pictures on your notes. Plantae The kingdom that contains plants Complex, multi-cellular organisms that are usually green and use the sun’s energy to make sugar by photosynthesis Eukaryotic cells with cell walls Most are macroscopic Can not move (sessile) Some reproduce sexually, others asexually Some live in areas with good rain fall; others can live where there is little rain fall like the desert Used for food, building materials, clothing, oxygen, cleaning the air… Sketch these pictures on your notes.

Fungi The kingdom of complex organisms that obtain Athlete’s Foot The kingdom of complex organisms that obtain food by breaking down other substances in their surroundings and absorbing the nutrients Almost all are multi-cellular Eukaryotic They were once classified in the plant kingdom, but they do not make their own food and some are animal-like. Are considered parasites or decomposers. They cannot move independently. Reproduce sexually or asexually. Environment – like dark and moist places Some are microscopic (athletes foot) and some are macroscopic (mushrooms). Interesting fact: Penicillin is made from mold (which is a fungus).

Animalia Multi-cellular organisms that have a nervous system and react to their surroundings. Move independently (mobile) Eukaryotic Most are macroscopic Some reproduce sexually; others asexually Do not make their own food

Hydra Animalia Reproduces asexually