World History The Early Beginnings of Mankind

The First Humans “Theories on prehistory and early man constantly change as new evidence comes to light.” - Louis Leakey, British paleoanthropologist

Terms to Know  Prehistory  Anthropology  Archaeology  Paleontology  Artifacts  Hominid

Radiocarbon Dating  Used to determine the age of artifacts and fossils  “Lucy” was unearthed in 1974 by Donald Johanson Radiocarbon dated to 3.2 million years old Had apelike features

Hominid Groups  Homo Habilis 1.5 million years ago  Homo Erectus At its height 200,000 to 100,000 BCE Speech by 50,000 BCE Made Spears and Clubs to hunt with Remains found on Africa, Europe, Asia  Homo Sapiens  Homo Sapien Sapiens

Early Discoveries

STAGES OF EARLY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 1.4,000, ,000,000 BCE - Australopithecus 2.1,500,000 – 250,000 BCE - Homo Habalis 3.250,000 – 30,000 BCE - Homo Erectus 4.30,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE - Homo Sapiens Paleolithic Age 2,500,000 – 10,000 BCE

PALEOLITHIC AGE 2,500,000 BCE – 8,000 BCE  Made Stone Tools  Hunter/Gatherer Roles Bands of members (typically related) Men = Hunters & Women = Gatherers  Nomadic Cultures Migrate from Place to Place Often Times Used Caves for Shelter

Hominids – Any member of the family of two legged primates; including all humans Australopithecines Apposable Thumbs 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE

HOMO HABILIS “man with ability” Found in East Africa Created Stone Tools

1,500,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE Homo Erectus “Upright Person” Bipedalism Larger and More Varied Tools First Hominid to Migrate from Africa to Eurasia First to Use Fire

200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE HOMO SAPIENS “Wise Human Being” Neanderthals (200,000 – 30,000 BCE) Made Clothes from Animal Hides 1 st to Bury their Dead Cro-Magnons (40,000 – 10,000 BCE) 1 st Homo Sapiens Sapiens?

 “Neolithic” = “New Stone” Age 10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE  Gradual Shift From: Nomadic Lifestyle --- Sedentary Lifestyle Hunting/Gathering --- Domesticated Agriculture  The Agricultural Revolution Developed Independently Throughout the World “Slash & Burn” Farming Middle East India Cent. America ChinaSE Asia 8000 BCE 7000 BCE 6500 BCE 6000 BCE 5000 BCE

 Growing crops on a regular basis made possible the support of expanding populations  More permanent, sedentary communities began to emerge  9,000 BCE: The earliest Agricultural Settlement emerged at JARMO in modern day Iraq Primary Crop was wheat

 8000 BCE: Largest Early Settlement at Catal Huyuk (Modern Turkey) 6000 inhabitants 12 cultivated crops Emergence of a Division of Labor Organized Religion Small Military

Çatal Hüyük

AdvancedCities SpecializedWorkers ComplexInstitutions Record-Keeping AdvancedTechnology