Operating Systems Review

5 Purposes of an Operating System Provide User Interface Communicate with Hardware Create and Manage a File System Network Support Provide Structure to Support Applications

Installation

Partitions Every disk needs at least 1 partition to install an operating system Formatting a partition will allow you to install an operating system (NTFS, FAT16, etc) Max Number of Partitions on Basic Disc is 4! Primary and Secondary Partitions Active Partitions

This is where the OS system files are Motherboard looks for the active partition to begin running or booting the OS boot.ini is the file that windows uses to declare where the systems are.

Extended Partition Doesn’t hold an operating system Basic Disc Logical Drives Basically large named folders in the Extended Partition

Basic vs. Dynamic Disks Uses NTFS or FAT32 file systems Can create primary partitions or active partition Dynamic Disk – unknown file system (Microsoft won’t tell anyone how it works)

File Systems NTFS FAT16 FAT32

FAT16 The Primary Partition can only be up to 2 GB File names can only be 8 characters File extensions can only be 3 characters

FAT32 32 GB Size Hard drives (Basically) Used mostly with Windows 98, 2000 and some XP No security available

NTFS New Technology File System Nice long file name and extensions Supports file encryption (You still have to have at least XP Pro) Most common file system used today

Windows Requirements Size of Disk Space RAM Processing Speed/Processor Video/Monitor Support

Windows XP Requirements Minimum 233 MHz Processor 64 MB RAM 1.5 GB HDD Space CD-ROM/DVD-ROM Super VGA (800 x 600) Recommended 300 MHz Processor 128 MB RAM 1.5 GB HDD Space CD-ROM/DVD-ROM Super VGA (800 x 600)

Windows Vista Requirement Home Basic 800 MHz Processor 512 MB Memory Direct X (graphics api) 20 GB HDD Space DVD drive Other Versions 1 GHz Processor 1 GB System Memory Direct X 40 GB HDD Space DVD drive

Windows 7 Requirements 32 Bit Processor 1 GHz Processor 1 GB RAM 16 GB HDD Space Direct X9 64 Bit Processor 1 GHz Processor 2 GB RAM 20 GB HDD Space Direct X9

Installation Menu Options Install Repair Exit

Installation process Partition the Drive Format the Partition Unpack the Installation Files Install the Operating System Set – up Time and Date and Language Enter your Product Key Set-up an Administrative User Activate ? If you don’t activate Windows, after 30 days you are locked out

Serial Number CD Key Product Key This is used to unlock your software

Activation Must be done with in 30 days or you are locked out Activate over the internet if you have an internet connection Active by calling their number with your product key

Maintenance

Control Panel

Administrative Tools Performance See how your cpu, ram and other devices are running Computer Management Disk Managment Device Manager Disk Defragmenter Services See what services are running and their settings

Display Screensaver Desktop Background Picture Settings Resolution Dual Monitors Appearance Colors of windows, etc.

System Settings This is your basic System Properties You can also get to this from right-clicking My Computer See your RAM, CPU, and OS properties Device Manager Remote Get to Remote Assistant and Remote Desktop Settings

Power Options Power Schemes Alarms Power Meter Advanced Hibernate

Power Schemes

Advanced – Power Options

Hibernate – Power Options Save the state of the computer to the hard drive and shuts everything down.

Users Standard Can install Can’t mess with System files Restricted Can’t Install Programs Power User Have most administrative priviledges Administrator Complete Unrestrict access Guest Like a Standard user, no saving though

Security

Add / Remove Programs Duh!

Automatic Updates Automatic Update On Download and Install Download Automatically –let me choose when to install Don’t Download Automatically, show me a list and let me choose Automatic Update Off

Folder Options Show/Hide Folders and Files Change Programs that are associated with different file extensions

Printers and Faxes Add a Printer Printer Maintenance

Firewall Blocks other programs from running on your machine through the network You can add exceptions for programs Remote Desktop and Remote Assistance need to be added as exceptions

Windows 7 Gadgets

Windows 7 Parental Controls

MSCONFIG Start Menu -> Run and type msconfig You can get to Regedit Services Start-Up

Defragmenting Right-Click My Computer and go to manage Control Panel -> Administrative Tools Start -> All Progams - > Accessories -> System Tools Moves the parts of files together on the hard drive

Disk Cleanup Delete Temp Files Empty Recycling Bin Compress old files

Check Disk Checks hard drive for physical errors. Start -> All Programs -> Accessories - > System Tools DOS command is CHKDSK Doesn’t repair, puts “cones” around the sector so it isn’t used again – BAD SECTOR

Backup – found in System Tools Back up files and Restore Files

DOS Commands CD – change directory DIR – list contents of directory.. – Parent directory COPY – copies a single file XCOPY – copies contents of a folder MD – make directory RD – remove directory TYPE – display a text file COPY CON- copy what I type in the console to a file IPCONFIG – show ip address configuration PING – send test packets to check for a connection

Troubleshooting

BSOD Blue Screen of Death Boot Error or RAM Error Restart Computer Recovery Console – DOS console that you can boot to from the Windows installation disk FIXBOOT – fixes boot.ini FIXMBR – fixes master boot record

Viruses A file that replicates itself Has to be run – usually found in attachments and shared files through peer-to-peer networks Trojan – a program that is doing something in the background you don’t want (Trojan Horse) – use a Firewall or don’t download illegal material. Worm – like a virus, but you don’t have to run it to get it. If you connect to a network that has it, you’ll get it

Start Up Services In MSCONFIG You can enable or disable certain services Start up in Safe Mode – no services running

Remote Desktop Unblock FireWall Connected on the network to the remote computer Know a user account and password on that computer Start -> All Programs -> Accessories -> Remote Desktop Connection Gives you control of the machine, blocks the user out

Remote Assistant Unblock in Firewall Create an invitation file Send the invitation through or a chat program Allows you to help someone remotely, but they can still have control Usually you have a time limit and a password

Device Manager Fix driver errors for Hardware Right-Click on My Computer - > Properties -> Hardware tab Right-Click on My Computer -> Manage -> Device Manager Control Panel -> Administrative Tools Yellow Exclamation – bad driver Red X – this device has been disabled

Event Viewer View Event Logs

Task Manager Turn off Programs Turn off Processes

Graphical User Interface

Taskbar

System Tray – shows running programs that run in the background

Desktop

Quick Launch