BOY Refresher

General Scoring Guidelines SCHWA No penalty for schwa sound /u/ added to consonant sounds. (“buh” for /b/) – Please model the clipped sound, but do not deduct points for it

General Scoring Guidelines Response Patterns End of each DIBELS administration Valuable : recurring, different types of errors, everyone working with that child can see them Should drive instruction for that child

BOY 1st Grade Benchmarks LNF PSF NWF WR TRC

Reminders: “Go this way” (if child names letters from top to bottom) ONLY ONCE “Try to say each letter” (if child skips 4 or more consecutive letters, but does not skip the whole row) ONLY ONCE “Say the letter name, not its sound” (if child says sounds rather than letter names) ONLY ONCE “Keep Going” (if student stops) – as Often as needed Scoring Rules: LNF 1 point for each letter correctly named in 1 minute Lowercase “L”: L or I correct (#1 INCORRECT) K LNF Tutorial Video (2 videos – min)

Scoring Rules: PSF 1 point for each different, correct sound produced in 1 minute Underline each correct sound segment (blended sounds or partial segmentation should be underlined exactly as the student said the sounds – 1 point per underline) Reminders: “Say the sounds in the word.” – then give the next word – ONLY ONCE “Remember to say all the sounds in the word.” – then give the next word – ONLY ONCE **Schwa sounds /u/ added to consonants are NOT counted as errors. PSF tutorial PSF tutorial Video (2 videos – min)

PSF Practice BOY –1st grade student –Benchmark –PSF Round 1 –K grade student –Progress Monitoring –PSF –Grade K, Form 1

Points to Remember Underline everything the student says to create a precise visual record. If a phoneme is produced incorrectly, underline the phoneme, then tap it to indicate the error. Say the next word as soon as the student finishes responding.

Scoring Rules: NWF CLS: credit for 1 CLS for each correct letter sound read in isolation or read as part of a make-believe word WWR: credit for 1 WWR for each word read correctly WITHOUT first being sounded out. Reminders: “ Go this way.” (if child does not read from left to right) ONLY ONCE “Say the sounds, not the letter names.” (if child says letter names) ONLY ONCE “Just read the word.” (if child reads the word first, then says the letters sounds) ONLY ONCE “Try to read the words as whole words.” (if child says all of the letter sounds correctly in the first row, but does not attempt to blend or recode) ONLY ONCE “Keep going.” & point if they loose place – As often as needed **Schwa sounds /u/ added to consonants are NOT counted as errors. NWF TutorialNWF Tutorial - practice (1 video – 2.18 min) NWF - explanation (13.67 min)

NWF Points to Remember Assesses the Alphabetic Principle and basic phonics Score sound by sound, blended sounds, and whole-word responses CLS = Correct Letter Sounds WWR = Whole Words Read correctly on the FIRST attempt Paper / Pencil Practice

NWF Practice BOY –1 st grade student –Benchmark –NWF Round 1 –1 st grade student –Progress Monitoring –NWF –Grade 1, Form 1

DORF 3 Passages (median #s used for score) 1 minute + 1 minute for Retell 0 words read correctly in the 1 st line – STOP (do not administer Retell) Fewer than 10 words are read correctly on passage #1, do NOT administer Retell or passages #2 and #3 Fewer than 40 words read correctly – you decide whether to do Retell or not – then complete passages #2 and #3 Hesitation Rules: 3 seconds Prompts: –Keep Going -- As many times as needed –Can you tell me anything more about the story? ONCE (during Retell) 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd DORF Tutorial Video (4 videos – min.)

DORF Retell Correct –Stating accurate details –Contractions –Minor repetitions –Minor irrelevancies –Minor inaccuracies Incorrect –Exclamations or “Hmm…” or “Umm…” –Songs and recitations –Rote repetition of words or phrases –Stories or irrelevancies –Stating retell details multiple times

DORF Practice BOY –2 nd grade student –Benchmark –DORF Round 1 –1 st grade student –Progress Monitoring –DORF –Grade 1, Form 1

TRC Text Reading Comprehension:  If your child is retelling a book, don’t forget to have the student reread the book before the retell, then remove the book from the student before the retell starts. Make sure to give the book to the student for oral and written comprehension questions.  “Generally, the Reading Record is administered on words of the entire text. This is an adequate sample because the student’s error patterns begin to repeat.”  “At higher levels, the student continues reading the book silently to answer Written Comprehension questions, demonstrate the ability to sustain reading longer material, and gain meaning from text.”  Instructional Reading Level Accuracy = 90%-94% Retell = 2 or higher Oral Comp = 4 or higher

TRC Quick Reference Correct Student read correct words Student correctly sounds out words Student repeats words Student self-corrects Incorrect ×Insertions ×Substitutions ×Omissions ×Words read in the wrong order ×Proper Nouns (the first instance only) TRC Video:

Do I have to administer the Oral and Written Comprehension questions if the TRC passage is too difficult for the student to decode (below a 90% accuracy rate)? “If a student scores below 90% on accuracy, then this text level is too difficult and shows that the student is not proficient at the level, regardless of what the responses would be on the Oral and Written Comprehension questions. It is the teacher’s choice when to ask the student to complete the comprehension tasks. Time would likely be better spent administering the lower text level and lower comprehension components is the child is below 90%.” Frequently Asked Questions:

How do I know where to start the TRC leveled passages for my student? Use the previous year’s EOY TRC level, or if no history is available, use the information provided by DORF to determine an approximate starting point Am I permitted to read the Written Comprehension Questions to my students? NO. The student MUST read and interpret the written questions. Students dictating to a scribe (which is allowed if NEEDED, Kindergarten – Mid 1 st Grade, and if required by IEPs), are EXPECTED to read and interpret the written comprehension questions on their own, without help from the teacher or scribe. There should be NO prompting.

How many times do I count errors of Proper Nouns? Count Proper Noun errors ONCE (this rule is to give students a chance to move beyond memorizing a language-specific name that may not be based on our phonological system, and it does not have an impact on comprehension in TRC Why do we administer written comprehension questions? “Some may argue that text comprehension and writing are two completely different skills. However, a student who easily understands text, frees up the cognitive resources necessary for writing. Writing about a piece of text demonstrates a high level of understanding, even if the student struggles to write. This is responding to text at its best.”

What score should be entered in the device when there is a discrepancy in the scores of the two written comprehension questions? “Take the LOWEST score and enter it in the device at the Written Comprehension score for that student.” ***NOT an average Do I have to administer the MSV portion of TRC? “MSV analysis is required for all red and yellow students. It provides the error pattern data that guides instruction.” Think of it as the diagnostic portion of TRC. Only needs to be completed on the book that is at the instructional level.

Frequently Asked Questions: "Do we count all articulation errors correct, for a speech student? (example: the student says /d/ for /g/ every time...etc)" If the student pronounces the sounds in everyday speech the same way they say them in the assessment they are correct. *What does the "3D" actually mean in Reading 3D? DIBELS give you a score that tells you how the student's basic skills are developing. The comprehension element with DORF Retell and DAZE is weak. The TRC is an assessment of a student's comprehension skills. Both put together give you a true picture, a 3D picture, of a student's reading ability *Can the directions be read in Spanish?" Yes, you can give the directions in Spanish ? ? ? ? ?

NC Read to achieve Livebinder Click on “Reading 3D Tutorials” You Tube Tutorials Watch the videos from Melissa Ashley (TRC by Shannon Hullett) Lynn’s Haiku