The Eastern Mediterranean Chapter 20 The Eastern Mediterranean

SECTION 1 OBJECTIVE Natural Environment I.D. Landforms, rivers, climates, & natural resources of Eastern Mediterranean

List the countries & capitals discussed in this chapter.

What 2 continents does this region reside on? Europe Asia What 2 continents does this region reside on?

What are the major water features in this area? Jordan River  Located in Israel & Lebanon between the Sea of Galilee and Dead Sea

What are the major water features in this area? Dead Sea  located 1312ft below sea level, its shores are the lowest spot on the earth’s surface, it is extremely salty (easy to float)

What are the major water features in this area? Tigris & Euphrates Rivers  land between is known as Mesopotamia, both flow together to become the Shat al’ Arab.

Arid Semi-Arid Mediterranean Rain Shadow Elevation Climate Zones Causes Arid Semi-Arid Mediterranean Rain Shadow Elevation Distance from the sea Name the 3 common climate zones & 3 common causes for these climate zones

What natural resources are found in this area? Fossil Fuels  Oil/ Coal/ Natural Gas Mineral  Copper/ Iron Ore/ Potash/ Magnesium

1. I.D. various empires 7 their influence SECTION 2 History and Culture 1. I.D. various empires 7 their influence 2. Analyze how modern Israel came to be 3. Describe cultures

Give facts about the following empires: Romans  200-106 BCE conquered area-> most Jews exiled 1st century AD -> Christianity spreads from here

Give facts about the following empires: Byzantine  400’s AD after fall of Roman Empire Christianity splits into Eastern Orthodox & Roman Catholic Capital was Constantinople = now Istanbul Justinian= Emperor of Byzantine Empire

Give facts about the following empires: Arab 600AD take over what is now Israel Turkic Muslims invade in 1077AD, forcing the Pope to declare war  would later be known as the Crusades 1095-1200’s Muslims would later force Christians out

Give facts about the following empires: Ottoman 1300’sAD est. Empire 1453 est. Constantinople as capital Empire collapses after WWI – only control Turkey

Conflict in this region.

How did Palestine & Israel come to be split? 1800’s Zionism – called for Jews to set up homeland in Palestine WWI &WWII  Jews move out of Europe 1947  UN splits Palestine into Arab & Jewish state Wars between Arabs & Israelis occur from 1950’s-1982. Israel successful in picking up West Bank, Gaza Strip, & Golan Heights *In Israel today, most of the Jewish holidays are recognized and practiced by everyone. Businesses are usually closed on these holidays.

List the popular languages & religions found in this area. Arabic* Hebrew Turkish English French Russian Kurdish *Most Popular Islam* Christianity Judaism *Most Popular List the popular languages & religions found in this area.

1. Describe economic activities in the area SECTION 3 1. Describe economic activities in the area 2. ID characteristics of cities 3. Analyze challenges facing the region

What unites people from different ethnic groups in this region? Religious traditions & cultures, unites people regardless of what group they belong to.

What are some of the reasons economic development has been so hard in this area? Natural Hazards Political Problems Hostile Relationships b/t Countries Strained resources due to over population Civil Wars (Lebanon & Cyprus) Weak Educational Systems

List the greatest hits for the following: Agriculture  Econs in this area rely heavily on agriculture. Growth is due in part to the irrigation receive from near by rivers. Industry  Israel is the most technologically advanced nation here, making money from industry, diamonds, and chemicals Tourism  Accounts for a majority of money made in the region, but slows due to civil unrest.

What are the urban areas like in this region? Old or ancient centers with newer areas outlying Roads are small and winding Open air markets War has destroyed many cities like Beirut, Lebanon *Damascus, Syria is considered to be the world’s oldest city

What are some important issues the region is currently facing? Political  status of West Bank & Gaza Strip Civil Unrest due to unfair treatment by government & moving to a more secure government Drought limiting plant growth