Introduction to Business © Thomson South-Western ChapterChapter Business and Technology Computer Systems Business Applications of Technology Other Technology Issues 11

Introduction to Business © Thomson South-Western Chapter 11 Slide 2 ELEMENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM Input Processing Memory and storage Output

Introduction to Business © Thomson South-Western Chapter 11 Slide 3 Nearly every business uses some type of computer! The physical elements of a computer system are called the hardware. Examples: keyboards, cameras, microphones, speakers, monitors, chips and printers. Software refers to the instructions that run the computer system. Examples: word processing, spreadsheet, database, presentation and communications programs.

Introduction to Business © Thomson South-Western Chapter 11 Slide 4 COMPUTER NETWORKS Global computer network (Internet) For accessing the World Wide Web For exchanging Local computer network (intranet) – is an organization’s private computer network. Functions like a typical Web site Used to share information within an organization

Introduction to Business © Thomson South-Western Chapter 11 Slide 5 The first major component of a computer system is known as input. Common input devices: keyboard MouseControllers Light pensScanners MicrophonesCameras Touch-sensitive screen Voice-activated systems Keyboard

Introduction to Business © Thomson South-Western Chapter 11 Slide 6 How a computer makes things happen! Central Processing Unit – is the control center of the computer – “the brain” Two main types of computer programs Operating System Software – translates commands and allows application programs to interact with the computer’s hardware. – “Windows” Application Software – refers to programs that perform specific tasks.

Introduction to Business © Thomson South-Western Chapter 11 Slide 7 INPUT AND PROCESSING Input: getting started Processing: making things happen Word processing- An organizations reports, correspondence, and other information is created in word processing. You can enter, store, revise, and print text for letters, memos, reports, or standard business forms. Example: Word

Introduction to Business © Thomson South-Western Chapter 11 Slide 8 Desktop publishing- word processing that is expanded to produce newsletters, brochures, and other publications. Usually includes graphics software to prepare charts, graphs and other visual elements. Example: Publisher Database software – an organized collection of information with data items related to one another in some way. Spreadsheet software – in the past, accountants used worksheet paper with many rows and columns. This software formats data in columns and rows in order to do calculations. Example - Excel

Introduction to Business © Thomson South-Western Chapter 11 Slide 9 Presentation software- allows a speaker to show text, data, photos, and other visuals. These images may be accompanied by sound effects, music, or other audio. The use of multimedia elements add to the value and enjoyment of presentations. Example: PowerPoint

Introduction to Business © Thomson South-Western Chapter 11 Slide 10 MEMORY AND OUTPUT Memory and storage: saving for later Output: obtaining results - Text Graphics Audio Video

Introduction to Business © Thomson South-Western Chapter 11 Slide 11 Do you see how the following slide shows functions that are important for decision-making and how they are interconnected?

Introduction to Business © Thomson South-Western Chapter 11 Slide 12 MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS Gathering Data Analyzing Data Storing Data Reporting Data Government AccountingInventory Customers Sales

Introduction to Business © Thomson South-Western Chapter 11 Slide 13 Management Information System Management Information System (MIS) – is an ordered system of processing and reporting information in an organization.

Introduction to Business © Thomson South-Western Chapter 11 Slide 14 COMPONENTS OF AN MIS Gathering data Analyzing data Sorting data Reporting results

Introduction to Business © Thomson South-Western Chapter 11 Slide 15 These activities allow an organization to obtain needed information in four main categories: Financial Information, including budgets, sales reports, and financial statements Production and inventory information, including production summaries, lists of tools and supplies, and finished goods reports Marketing and sales information, data on customer needs, current economic conditions, actions of competitors Human resource information, including salaries, benefit data, employee evaluations

Introduction to Business © Thomson South-Western Chapter 11 Slide 16 DATA SOURCES External data sources – outside an organization. Examples: financial institutions, government agencies, and customers Internal data sources – within an organization. Examples: accounting records, inventory information, company sales figures.

Introduction to Business © Thomson South-Western Chapter 11 Slide 17 THE MIS IN ACTION 1. 1.Identify the information needs of the organization Obtain facts, figures, and other data Process, analyze, and organize data in a useful manner Distribute information reports to those who make decisions Update data files as needed.

Introduction to Business © Thomson South-Western Chapter 11 Slide 18 TECHNOLOGY IN SERVICE INDUSTRIES – Over 60 percent of workers in the United States are employed in service industries. The use of computers in these organizations is extensive. Public service Education Health care Financial services

Introduction to Business © Thomson South-Western Chapter 11 Slide 19 E-COMMERCE E-commerce - refers to conducting business transactions using the Internet or other technology.

Introduction to Business © Thomson South-Western Chapter 11 Slide 20 TYPES OF E-COMMERCE Business-to-Consumer (B2C) – expanded sales of products in different geographic markets – ex: Amazon, Dell Business-to-Business (B2B) – online exchanges – ex: Ford and General Motors buying parts from online suppliers Consumer-to-Business (C2B) – online transactions through price offers to businesses – ex: Priceline (make bids) Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) – bartering and auctions – ex: Ebay

Introduction to Business © Thomson South-Western Chapter 11 Slide 21 E-COMMERCE MATRIX

Introduction to Business © Thomson South-Western Chapter 11 Slide 22 E-COMMERCE ACTIVITIES Providing product information Promoting a company Selling online Conducting market research Making payments Obtaining parts and supplies Tracking shipments

Introduction to Business © Thomson South-Western Chapter 11 Slide 23 GLOBAL E-COMMERCE Importing and exporting Videoconferencing – This system allows people in different geographic locations to meet “face-to-face” by satellite. Used for sales presentations, training sessions, and other types of meetings.

Introduction to Business © Thomson South-Western Chapter 11 Slide 24 WORKPLACE TECHNOLOGY Robotics –involves mechanical devices programmed to do routine tasks, such as those in a many factories. Expert systems – Artificial intelligence (AI) – software that enables computers to reason, learn, and make decisions. It uses logical methods similar to the methods humans use. Example: computer programs that make decisions about complex projects.

Introduction to Business © Thomson South-Western Chapter 11 Slide 25 Computer-aided design (CAD)- refers to the use of technology to create product styles and designs. CAD allows you to try different sizes, shapes, and materials for a new machine, automobile, or food package. Telecommuting – involves the activities of a worker using a computer at home to do a job. Telecommuting saves travel time and costs.

Introduction to Business © Thomson South-Western Chapter 11 Slide 26 HOME AND PERSONAL TECHNOLOGY School and homework – 1/3 of homework time involves the computer Home robotics Household record keeping

Introduction to Business © Thomson South-Western Chapter 11 Slide 27 SOCIAL CONCERNS OF TECHNOLOGY Employment trends – Are computers taking over jobs? Health concerns – Ex: eyestrain and vision problems have been linked with prolonged work at computer screens. Muscle tension and nerve damage can occur from too many hours at a keyboard.

Introduction to Business © Thomson South-Western Chapter 11 Slide 28 Computer crime White collar crime is illegal acts carried out by office or professional workers while at work. Workers may steal money, information, or computer time through improper use of databases or illegal access to computer systems. Piracy – stealing or illegally copying software packages or information. Computer virus – is program code hidden in a system that can later do damage to software or stored data. Privacy concerns – identity theft