1. Business & Technology
Chapter 11

2. 11.1 (Learning Targets)
I can identify the main elements of a computer system.
I can describe input devices & processing activities.
I can explain computer storage media & output types.
Nearly every business uses some type of computer. A computer needs quick, efficient processing to control its operating costs, manage resourdes, & stay competitive.
As managers plan & implement computerized activities, they must decide how best to use technology to serve the production & distribution needs of the organization.

3. Elements of a Computer System
Input device
Processing Unit
Memory & storage
Output device
These four basic components make up what is called a computer system. The physical elements of a computer system are called the hardware. Examples of computer hardware include keyboards, cameras, microphones, speakers, monitors, chips, & printers.
In contrast to hardware, software refers to the instructions that run the computer system. Businesses common use several types of software: including word processing, spreadsheet, database, presentation, & communications programs.

4. Computer Networks
Computers in a business or school that are linked together
Organizations link computers together so users can share hardware, software, & data
Internet
Intranet
Computers in businesses & schools are commonly linked together in a computer network.
Largest & best-known computer network in the world. Most often used for two activities: exchanging & accessing the World Wide Web
A local computer network is an organization’s private computer network. Smaller version of the Internet. Only members or employees can utilize an intranet. Primarily used to share information. An effective tool for saving time & money for companies.

5. Input & Processing Input: Getting Started
Common Input Devices: Keyboard & Mouse
Other examples: Touch-sensitive screens, video game joysticks, microphones
Processing: Making Things Happen
Takes place in the CPU (Central Processing Unit)
program
Computer Language
Operating system software
Application software
2a. control center of the computer
2b. Most common way to give instructions to a computer is with a program. Series of detailed, step-by-step instructions that tell the computer what functions to complete.
2c. The format of a computer program is a computer language. System of letters, words, numbers, & symbols used to communicate with a computer.
2d. Translates commands and allows application programs to interact with the computer’s hardware. Most commonly used operating system is Windows.
2e. Refers to programs that perform specific tasks such as word processing, database management, or accounting.

6. Commonly used application software
Word Processing
Desktop Publishing
Database Software
Spreadsheet
Presentation Software
An organization’s reports, correspondence, & other information are created with word processing software. Allows the user to enter, store, revise, & print text for letters, memos, reports, or standard business forms.
newsletters, brochures, & other publications...includes graphics software to prepare charts, graphs, & other visual elements.
organized collection of information with data items related to one another in some way...Using a database increases the chance of reaching potential customers who are likely to buy the product.
Program that formats data in columns & rows in order to do calculations...used to prepare payroll records, financial statements, budgets, & other financial documents.
Creating slide shows for educational & business seminars...allows a speaker to show text, data, photos, & other visuals.

7. Memory & Output Memory & Storage: Saving for Later
During processing, both the program & any data entered with an input device are stored in memory.
Output: Obtaining Results
Ex. Results of a test, score on a video game
Types of output:
Text output
Graphics output
Audio output
Video output
Third major component of a computer system is the memory.
During processing, both the program and any data entered with an input device are stored in memory.
This element is of greatest interest to most people.

8. 11.2 (Learning Targets)
I can describe the components of a management information system (MIS).
I can identify computer applications in service industries.
I can explain the most common e-commerce activities

9. Management Information Systems
coordinated system of processing & reporting information in an organization.
Main components:
Gathering Data
Analyzing Data
Storing Data
Reporting Data
Computer systems & software are essential parts of management information systems.
2a. Government data, customer data, Accounting, Inventory, Sales data
2b. Computer hardware, computer software, data mining, spreadsheets
2c. hard drives, CD/DVD, Flash drives, tape libraries
2d. narrative reports, presentations, messages, online reports

10. Components of an MIS (Learning Target)
Financial information
Production and inventory information
Marketing & sales information
Human resources information
first...the four main components on the previous slide allow an organization to obtain needed information in four main categories…
including budgets, sales reports, & financial statements
production summaries, lists of tools & supplies, & finished goods reports
including data on customer needs, current economic conditions, & actions of competitors
including salaries, employee benefit data, & employee evaluations

11. Data Sources External Data- outside an organization
Internal Data- provide input from within the organization.
First...the information for an MIS comes from several sources…
financial institutions, government agencies, & customers
examples: accounting records, inventory information, & company sales figures
While gathering raw data may be an easy task, changing these facts & figures into meaningful information is the major goal of an MIS.

12. The MIS in Action Identify the information needs of the organization
Obtain facts, figures, & other data
Process, analyze, & organize data in a useful manner
Distribute information reports to those who make decisions
Update data files as needed
The operation of the MIS involves the following steps: (See above)
Computer networks are often used in an MIS to distribute information to managers, employees, & others.

13. Technology in Service Industries (Learning Target)
Public service
Education
Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI)
Health care
Telemedicine
Financial services
smart cards
first...More than 60% of workers in the U.S. are employed in service industries. The use of computers in these organizations is extensive.
Government agencies use computers to keep records (ex. social security records for all past & present workers in the U.S. and military records for people who have served in the armed forces)...Schools & other agencies can transfer records easily when someone moves to another area of the country.
Computers have become vital teaching devices. They make it possible to train & test workers in a range of professions...2a. use of computers to help people learn or improve skills at their own pace. With CAI, students work at a speed that best serves their needs.
Computers are widely used in hospitals & other medical facilities. Uses range from keeping patient records to monitoring medications during surgery. 3a. this equipment allows diagnosis by a doctor in a different location.
Paying bills online, checking your credit report, & selling stocks & bonds are a few examples. 4a. Plastic cards with a silicon chip that stores such data as your current account balance & credit history. Could serve as a personal record keeper for travel & other expenses

14. E-Commerce (Learning Target)
Conducting business transactions using the Internet or other technology.
Most common e-commerce activities:
providing product information
promoting a company
selling online
conducting market research
making payments
obtaining parts & supplies
tracking shipments

15. Types of E-Commerce E-Commerce Matrix Business Seller Consumer Seller
Business Buyer
B2B
C2B
Consumer Buyer
B2C
C2C
E-commerce opens up opportunities to companies previously limited by geographic, financial, or political restrictions.
B2C (Business to Consumer) = most common model
B2B (Business to Business) = online exchanges are the largest & fastest growing segment of e-commerce (Ex. Ford or GM buying parts online from their suppliers)
C2B (Consumer to Business) = consumers originate online transactions through price offers to businesses. Allows shoppers to make bids for products & services such as airline tickets & hotels.
C2C (Consumer to Consumer) = bartering & auctions...an example is the online company eBay.

16. Global E-Commerce
Internet-based computer systems, along with software that translates information from one language to another, make it possible to do business around the world without leaving your computer.