Bloodborne Pathogens are microorganisms (such as viruses) transmitted through blood, or other potentially infectious material such as certain bodily fluids (semen, breast milk, etc.) or tissues.Bloodborne Pathogens are microorganisms (such as viruses) transmitted through blood, or other potentially infectious material such as certain bodily fluids (semen, breast milk, etc.) or tissues. Bloodborne Pathogens

Bodily fluids, especially those visibly contaminated with blood, are capable of causing disease.Bodily fluids, especially those visibly contaminated with blood, are capable of causing disease. Pathogens can enter your body through a cut in the skin, through your eyes or mouth.Pathogens can enter your body through a cut in the skin, through your eyes or mouth. Can also be transmitted sexuallyCan also be transmitted sexually Main diseases of concern are Hepatitis B (and C) virus, and HIV (AIDS virus).Main diseases of concern are Hepatitis B (and C) virus, and HIV (AIDS virus). Bloodborne Pathogens

HIV attacks your body’s ability to protect itself against diseaseHIV attacks your body’s ability to protect itself against disease Initially no visible signs of having the virusInitially no visible signs of having the virus Most people with HIV develop AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)Most people with HIV develop AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) There is no vaccination for HIVThere is no vaccination for HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

HIV Virus lives outside the body only a few hoursVirus lives outside the body only a few hours 4 modes of transfer:4 modes of transfer: 1 blood 2 semen 3 vaginal secretions 4 breast milk

HIV virus particles per ml of blood

Aids Statistics from CDC

Up to 100 times easier to catch than HIVUp to 100 times easier to catch than HIV Unlike HIV, can live outside of body for several daysUnlike HIV, can live outside of body for several days Hepatitis B Virus Hepatitis B (and C)

Concentration of Hepatitis B Virus in Various Body Fluids

Hepatitis B 1,000, ,000,000,000 virus particles per ml of blood1,000, ,000,000,000 virus particles per ml of blood Virus can live outside the body for several daysVirus can live outside the body for several days

HIV vs. Hepatitis B

Hepatitis C 3-4 million carriers3-4 million carriers Disease can incubate for decadesDisease can incubate for decades By 2010 may affect more Americans each year than AIDSBy 2010 may affect more Americans each year than AIDS HCV not related to the viruses that cause HBA and HBVHCV not related to the viruses that cause HBA and HBV

Hepatitis C

Risk Factors:Risk Factors: –Long-term kidney dialysis –Sex with multiple partners –Tattooing or body piercing with shared needles or unsterilized equipment –Intranasal cocaine use with shared straws Pamela Anderson claims her infection came from a tattoo needle

Hepatitis B (and C) There is no cure for Hepatitis B or C…There is no cure for Hepatitis B or C… but unlike HIV, there is a vaccination for Hepatitis B.but unlike HIV, there is a vaccination for Hepatitis B. (There is no vaccination for Hepatitis C) (There is no vaccination for Hepatitis C)

HBV and HCV Liver is located behind the lower ribs on the right side of your abdomenLiver is located behind the lower ribs on the right side of your abdomen Weighs about 3 pounds and is roughly the size of a football.Weighs about 3 pounds and is roughly the size of a football. If infected with HBV, the liver often becomes tender and enlargedIf infected with HBV, the liver often becomes tender and enlarged

Some signs and symptoms of HBV and HBC include: Flu-like symptomsFlu-like symptoms fatiguefatigue jaundicejaundice severe pain in jointssevere pain in joints lung diseaselung disease inflammation of liverinflammation of liver inflammation on and ulcers of the coloninflammation on and ulcers of the colon may be asymptomatic (i.e. no symptoms indicated)may be asymptomatic (i.e. no symptoms indicated) normal Yellow from jaundice

Hepatitis Acute : 6-8 weeks, 90% –30-40% with acute HBV have no idea how or when they became infected –5-15% of infected carry virus for longer than 6 months (carriers) Chronic: Life, 10% – –Hepatitis B carriers are people infected with HBV and never fully recover. They carry the virus and can infect others for the rest of their lives – –Approximately one million people in the US carry HBV

Acute Viral Hepatitis by Type

Risk Factors for Acute Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B “The risk of contracting Hepatitis B from a single needlestick contaminated with blood from a person with known Hepatitis B ranges from 6% to 30%.”“The risk of contracting Hepatitis B from a single needlestick contaminated with blood from a person with known Hepatitis B ranges from 6% to 30%.” “Approximately 10% of those infected become chronic carriers who can infect their families and friends. They have up to 300 times greater than normal risk of developing liver cancer.”“Approximately 10% of those infected become chronic carriers who can infect their families and friends. They have up to 300 times greater than normal risk of developing liver cancer.” “Every year, approximately 5,000 Americans, die of HBV or its complications.“Every year, approximately 5,000 Americans, die of HBV or its complications.

–“…1 in 300 infected with HIV” Milwaukee Journal/Sentinel, July 7, 1996 –“one in 20 people has or has had Hepatitis ” Statistics from Milwaukee Journal/Sentinel

How Bloodborne Pathogens Spread on the Job By a sharp object that is contaminated by the virus when it cuts or punctures your skin.By a sharp object that is contaminated by the virus when it cuts or punctures your skin.

How Bloodborne Pathogens Spread on the Job When you touch a contaminated surface and then touch your eyes, nose, mouth, or open wounds or inflamed skinWhen you touch a contaminated surface and then touch your eyes, nose, mouth, or open wounds or inflamed skin When a contaminated object touches inflamed skin, acne, skin abrasionsWhen a contaminated object touches inflamed skin, acne, skin abrasions

Only PPS Employees at moderate risk are included in the campus Bloodborne Pathogens Exposure Control Plan.Only PPS Employees at moderate risk are included in the campus Bloodborne Pathogens Exposure Control Plan. Employees in the plan can receive HBV vaccinations at no cost.Employees in the plan can receive HBV vaccinations at no cost. There are specific training, engineering, and work practice controls for those potentially at risk of exposure to BBP on the job.There are specific training, engineering, and work practice controls for those potentially at risk of exposure to BBP on the job. How to Reduce Your Risk

UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS/ STANDARD PRECAUTIONS: –A system of infection control which assumes that all human blood and certain body fluids are treated as if known to be infectious. How to Reduce Your Risk

Use Spill Kit for Clean-up Kit Includes: Face MaskFace Mask GlovesGloves GogglesGoggles Sharps Disposal ContainerSharps Disposal Container VobanVoban Fluid Control SolidifierFluid Control Solidifier Personal Safety Equipment Cleaning PadsPersonal Safety Equipment Cleaning Pads

How to Reduce Your Risk Don’t Recap NeedlesDon’t Recap Needles

How to Reduce Your Risk Do not bend, shear, break or recap needles If you must recap, use one- handed method

Needles and other sharps must be discarded in rigid, leak-proof, puncture resistance containersNeedles and other sharps must be discarded in rigid, leak-proof, puncture resistance containers How to Reduce Your Risk

When emptying trash containers, do not use your hands to compress the trash in the bag.When emptying trash containers, do not use your hands to compress the trash in the bag.

How to Reduce Your Risk Lift and carry the trash bag away from your bodyLift and carry the trash bag away from your body

Do not eat, drink, smoke, apply cosmetics or handle contact lenses in areas where there is the possibility of exposure to BBP, such as in UWM labsDo not eat, drink, smoke, apply cosmetics or handle contact lenses in areas where there is the possibility of exposure to BBP, such as in UWM labs How to Reduce Your Risk

Personal Protective Equipment Gloves, masks, eye protection, CPR microshieldsGloves, masks, eye protection, CPR microshields

Get Spill Kit from Janitorial ClosetGet Spill Kit from Janitorial Closet Put on gloves.Put on gloves. Body Fluid Cleanup Procedures

If splashing is anticipated, wear protective eyewear and maskIf splashing is anticipated, wear protective eyewear and mask Body Fluid Cleanup Procedures

Remove visible material with absorbent towelsRemove visible material with absorbent towels Body Fluid Cleanup Procedures

Area should be decontaminated for 10 minutesArea should be decontaminated for 10 minutes Once the area has been disinfected, dry area with absorbent towels and dispose of towels in regular trashOnce the area has been disinfected, dry area with absorbent towels and dispose of towels in regular trash Body Fluid Cleanup Procedures

Glove removal and disposal techniqueGlove removal and disposal technique Body Fluid Cleanup Procedures

Glove Removal and Disposal Grip one glove near the cuff and peel it down until it comes off inside out. Cup it in the palm of your gloved hand. Place two fingers of your bare hand inside the cuff of the remaining glove.

Glove Removal and Disposal Peel that glove down so that it also comes off inside out and over the first glove.Peel that glove down so that it also comes off inside out and over the first glove. Properly dispose of the gloves.Properly dispose of the gloves.

Wash hands well.Wash hands well. Body Fluid Cleanup Procedures

Vaccination Very low risk vaccineVery low risk vaccine Three doses over 6 monthsThree doses over 6 months Must receive all three dosesMust receive all three doses >79% effective>79% effective Free to employeesFree to employees May decline vaccine (but must sign waiver)May decline vaccine (but must sign waiver) May receive vaccine laterMay receive vaccine later

Accident/Injury Report Complete report as soon as possible after incidentComplete report as soon as possible after incident Turn in to your supervisorTurn in to your supervisor Form is submitted to Workers CompensationForm is submitted to Workers Compensation

Conclusion Thank You! Any Questions?