Social Support Social support is a type and degree of help that is provided from others to a person, group, neighborhood, city, organization, or community throughout the lifespan. There is a relationship between social support, maintenance of well-being, and the ability to manage crisis, illness, recovery, loss, or the influence of negative social determinants.

Emotional Appraisal Support Support Informational Instrumental Support Well- Being & Recovery

Definitions of Social Determinants MethodKey Terms & Approach GlasgowGradient & Inverse Relationship Whitehall StudyGradient & Frequency Woolf & BravemanRoot Cause & Upstream/Downstream Factors South Australia CouncilWell being & Dahlgren’s Rainbow WHOPolicy Links & Ten Factors Marmot8 Defining Factors RWJDisparities & Knowledge of Policy/Decision Makers

Social Determinants WHO FactorsMarmot and WilkinsonDahlgren & Whitehead Place on the gradientPovertyHousing Stress Early life experiencesEarly life & life course Social exclusionLabor market conditionsWater & sanitation Work environment Unemployment Social supportSocial support/cohesionHealth care services AddictionEducation FoodFood supplyAgriculture/food production Transportation

Social determinants are multiple factors and conditions operating within a social environment that collectively influences the health status, behavior, choices, risks, and mortality of individuals and groups within a specific geographical area [nation, region, county, neighborhood, or community]. Davis, 2012

Social Determinants Poverty Income & Wealth Distribution Employment - Unemployment Education Housing Social capital Isolation Discrimination Accessibility

Social Determinants Availability Social status Crime Safety Functional social institutions Nutrition – availability of food Place on a social gradient Clean water Health/mental health literacy

Social Determinants Recreation Public policies Population density Transportation Health insurance Trauma

Well- Being Emotional Appraisal Support Informational Instrumental Support Well-being & Recovery Social Determinants Social Determinants Family Friends Neighbors Organizations Leaders History & Tradition Churches Social Network/Capital ProvidersMedia

Death Rates in 1900 by Race

Causes of Mortality African American American Indian Asian American Euro-American Latino American Heart Disease Homicide Suicide Cerebrovascular Disease Malignancy Respiratory Disease Influenza Liver Diseases Diabetes HIV/AIDs Accidents Table 2. Changes in Ranking of mortality by race, Hispanic origin, and year

No community or group chooses poverty No community or group chooses hunger No community or group chooses danger or fear No community or group chooses early death or suicide No community or group chooses homelessness No community or group chooses mental illness No community or group chooses disease No community or group chooses crime No community or group chooses addiction No community or group chooses drought! My Working Assumptions