FRBR … Maja Žumer National and University Library and University of Ljubljana Slovenia

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 This presentation Part 1: Stand-in for Barbara Tillett Part 2: My original presentation

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 About FRBR What is it? Developments until now Challenges What is the future?/Is there a future?

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records Approved by IFLA in 1997 Published in 1998 Conceptual model of the ‘ bibliographic universe ’ Still ‘ new ’ ?

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 Not the first… Cutter’s Rules for a Printed Dictionary Catalog (1876) Paris Principles (1961) New developments (computers, databases, new materials) new user needs, expectations and demands

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 User functions /tasks using the data to FIND materials that correspond to the user's stated search criteria using the data retrieved to IDENTIFY an entity (e.g., to confirm that the document described corresponds to the document sought by the user, or to distinguish between two similar documents) using the data to SELECT an entity that is appropriate to the user's needs (e.g., to select a text in a language the user understands, or to choose a version of a computer program that is compatible with the hardware and operating system available to the user) using the data in order to acquire or OBTAIN access to the entity described

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 FRBR as conceptual model Entity-relationship methodology Understanding the bibliographic universe Not cataloguing rules Not a data model Not a format

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 FRBR’s Entity-Relationship Model Entities Relationships Attributes 13

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 FRBR Entities Group 1 : (p roducts of intellectual & artistic endeavor ) – Work – Expression – Manifestation – Item 14

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 Work Expression Manifestation Item is realized through is embodied in is exemplified by one many 15 Group 1 Conceptual/content Physical/recording l

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 Same Expression New Expression Family of Works New Work B. Tillett Dec. 2001

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 Manifestation – ID – Title –Publication date – Form/extent of carrier – Terms of availability – Mode of access – etc. Item – ID –Ownership – Location – etc. Group 1 Entities’ Attributes Work – ID – Title – Date – etc. Expression – ID – Title – Form – Date – Language – etc. 18

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 FRBR Entities Group 2: (agents related to Group 1 entities) – Person – Corporate body 20

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 Work Expression Manifestation Item Group 2 is owned by is produced by is realized by is created by 21 Person Corporate Body

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 FRBR Entities … Subjects of works : Group1 and Group 2 Group3: – Concept – Object – Event – Place 22

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008

LC Control No.: LCCN Permalink: Type of Material:Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name:Shakespeare, William, Shakespeare, William, Main Title:... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. Published/Created:[Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description:2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER:PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1PR2779.H3 G5 -- Request in:Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms Shakespeare, William, Hamlet. French.

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 LC Control No.: LCCN Permalink: Type of Material:Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name:Shakespeare, William, Shakespeare, William, Main Title:... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. Published/Created:[Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description:2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER:PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1PR2779.H3 G5 -- Request in:Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms Shakespeare, William, Hamlet. French. Work

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 LC Control No.: LCCN Permalink: Type of Material:Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name:Shakespeare, William, Shakespeare, William, Main Title:... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. Published/Created:[Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description:2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER:PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1PR2779.H3 G5 -- Request in:Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms Shakespeare, William, Hamlet. French. Expression

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 LC Control No.: LCCN Permalink: Type of Material:Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name:Shakespeare, William, Shakespeare, William, Main Title:... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. Published/Created:[Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description:2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER:PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1PR2779.H3 G5 -- Request in:Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms Shakespeare, William, Hamlet. French. Manifestation

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 LC Control No.: LCCN Permalink: Type of Material:Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name:Shakespeare, William, Shakespeare, William, Main Title:... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. Published/Created:[Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description:2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER:PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1PR2779.H3 G5 -- Request in:Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms Shakespeare, William, Hamlet. French. Item

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 “ The FRBR revolution ” User-oriented view of bibliographic data Catalogue as a database and not a replica of a card catalogue Re-thinking of current cataloguing theory and practice potential for interoperability within ALM, rights management, Semantic Web

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 The “ FRBR family ” FRBR: the original framework – All entities, focusing on Group 1 FRAR (FRAD): Functional Requirements for Authority Records/Data – Focus on Group 2 – Almost finished FRSAR: Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Records – Focus on Group3 – Ongoing

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 User Tasks FRSAR (2006, 2007): Find one subject entity or entities Identify Select Obtain Additional information about the subject entity Bibliographic records or resources about this subject entity Explore FRBR (1998): Find Identify Select Obtain FRAD (2007): Find one entity or entities Identify an entity Contextualize, place in context, explore relationships Justify the form of an access point

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 FRAD Family added in Group 2 Name as a separate entity

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 FRSAR Types of thema implementation-dependent

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 Other developments Clarifications (expression entity, aggregates) Interpretation Harmonization with CIDOC CRM

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 CIDOC CRM: museum conceptual model “ CRM ” is for “ Conceptual Reference Model ” Developed from 1996 on by ICOM CIDOC (International Council of Museums – International Committee for Documentation) Maintained by CRM-SIG (Special Interest Group) Accepted as ISO in September 2006 Covers any kind of data ( “ descriptive ” or “ authorities ” ) created by museums in the fields of fine arts, archaeology, natural history …

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 FRBR/CRM Harmonisation To reach a common view of cultural heritage information (because we share users and types of materials) To check FRBR ’ s internal consistency To enable interoperability and integration (mediation tools, Semantic Web applications … ) For FRBR ’ s and CIDOC CRM ’ s mutual benefit (to extend the scope of both) To open the way to future applications (semantic paths between heterogeneous library and museum databases)

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 Outcomes Draft of “ FRBRoo ” published for public comment Clarifications of FRBR (manifestation) Modeling of processes Publisher (intellectual) contribution Clarification of concepts, definitions

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 Obstacles to implementation of FRBR Conservative views Legacy data Model is perceived as ‘very abstract and theoretical’ Open to interpretation (e.g. expression) No data model, no cataloguing rules

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 But … FRBRisation experiments Some prototypes (OCLC FictionFinder,…) VTLS Some will be presented later

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 Potential of FRBR National bibliographies Portals (clustering of results) Intellectual rights management

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 Interoperability Within the library community – Acceptance within the community Development of the model Cataloguing rules – Real-life applications Data model Interface – Legacy data With other communities in the cultural heritage sector Other

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 On the frontier FRBRization How do non-librarians see the bibliographic universe? Development of prototypes

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 Lack of user studies Does FRBR really fit users? Two possibilities: 1. user studies of existing frbrized systems (implementations may vary) 2. studies of mental models Pisanski & Žumer, ISKO 2008

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008

1.There may not be a single mental model of the bibliographic universe 2.The more concrete the task, the closer people’s mental models are to FRBR ; The more people think about bibliographic universe, the closer their mental models are to FRBR 3.Methodology employed works well Pisanski & Žumer, ISKO 2008

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 What remains to be done Analysis of attributes Integration of the model(s) (FRBR, FRAD, FRSAR) More prototypes …

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 Is there a future for FRBR? Everybody agrees that traditional catalogues are not easy to use They are avoided Experiments show that FRBR is close to users’ mental models Today’s presentations (and discussions) will confirm the answer

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 A quote from my favourite book Here is Edward Bear, coming downstairs now, bump, bump, bump, on the back of his head, behind Christopher Robin. It is, as far as he knows, the only way of coming downstairs, but sometimes he feels that there really is another way, if only he could stop bumping for a moment and think of it. And then he feels that perhaps there isn’t... (A.A. Milne, The House at Pooh Corner)

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008 We need the change, because… Tu deviens responsable pour toujours de ce que tu as apprivoisé. (You become responsible, forever, for what you have tamed) C'est véritablement utile puisque c'est joli (It is truly useful since it is beautiful) (Antoine de Saint-Exupery 'The Little Prince')