CS.462 Artificial Intelligence SOMCHAI THANGSATHITYANGKUL Lecture 01 : What is AI

Artificial IntelligenceChapter 12 Class Attendance 10 % Quiz 10 % Midterm 20 % Project 20 % Final 40 % Text Book: “Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach,” (2nd or 3rd Edition) Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig, Prentice Hall, 2003 Course Structure

What is Artificial Intelligence?

Artificial IntelligenceChapter 14 Artificial Intelligence Computer Encyclopedia (Artificial Intelligence) Devices and applications that exhibit human intelligence and behavior including robots, expert systems, voice recognition, natural and foreign language processing. It also implies the ability to learn and adapt through experience.

Artificial IntelligenceChapter 15 Artificial Intelligence Wikipedia The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was first used by John McCarthy who considers it to mean "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines".[1] It can also refer to intelligence as exhibited by an artificial (man-made, non-natural, manufactured) entity.

Artificial IntelligenceChapter 16 Artificial Intelligence Wikipedia AI is studied in overlapping fields of computer science, psychology, neuroscience and engineering, dealing with intelligent behavior, learning and adaptation and usually developed using customized machines or computers.

Artificial IntelligenceChapter 17 TURING TEST Alan Mathison Turing Columbia Encyclopedia

Artificial IntelligenceChapter 18 TURING TEST Columbia Encyclopedia Turing test, a procedure to test whether a computer is capable of humanlike thought. As proposed (1950) by the British mathematician Alan Turing, a person (the interrogator) sits with a teletype machine isolated from two correspondents — one is another person, one is a computer.computerTuringinterrogator

Artificial IntelligenceChapter 19 Criteria for success How will we know if we have succeeded? Turing test. Human Computer Person asking ? DENDRAL : is a program that analyzes organic compounds to determine their structure. HUMAN CHEMIST COMPUTER

Artificial IntelligenceChapter 110 History of Artificial Intelligence Alan Turing introduces the Turing test intended to test a machine's capability to participate in human-like conversation The first working AI programs were written to run on the Ferranti Mark I machine of the University of Manchester: a checkers-playing program written by Christopher Strachey and a chess- playing program written by Dietrich Prinz John McCarthy coined the term "artificial intelligence" as the topic of the Dartmouth Conference John McCarthy invented the Lisp programming language Joseph Weizenbaum built ELIZA, an interactive program that carries on a dialogue in English language on any topic Edward Feigenbaum initiated DENDRAL, a 10-yr effort to develop software to deduce the molecular structure of organic compounds using scientific instrument data. It was the first expert system.

Artificial IntelligenceChapter Machine Intelligence workshop at Edinburgh - the first of an influential annual series organized by Donald Michie and others HAL 9000 made its appearance in the science fiction movie 2001: A Space Odyssey The Prolog programming language was developed by Alain Colmerauer Edinburgh Freddy Assembly Robot: a versatile computer-controlled assembly system Ted Shortliffe's PhD dissertation on the MYCIN program (Stanford) demonstrated a very practical rule-based approach to medical diagnoses, even in the presence of uncertainty. While it borrowed from DENDRAL, its own contributions strongly influenced the future of expert system development, especially commercial systems The Deep Blue chess program (IBM) beats the world chess champion, Garry Kasparov. 1999Sony introduces the AIBO, an artificially intelligent pet DARPA introduces the DARPA Grand Challenge requiring competitors to produce autonomous vehicles for prize money. History of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial IntelligenceChapter 112 Artificial Intelligence Typical problems to which AI methods are applied Pattern recognition Computer vision, Virtual reality and Image processing Optical character recognition Diagnosis (artificial intelligence) Handwriting recognition Game theory and Strategic planning Speech recognition Game artificial intelligence and Computer game bot Face recognitionNatural language processing, Translation and Chatterbots Artificial Creativity Non-linear control and Robotics

Artificial IntelligenceChapter 113 AI Areas Artificial Intelligence (AI) : the branch o f computer science that is concerned with the automation of intelligent behavior. AI Areas : Game Playing Automated Reasoning and Theorem Proving Expert Systems Natural Language Understanding and Semantics Modeling Modeling Human Performance Planning and Robotics Machine Leaning Neural Networks

Artificial IntelligenceChapter 114 Robotics Shakey the Robot Developed in 1969 by the Stanford Research Institute, Shakey was the first fully mobile robot with artificial intelligence. Seven feet tall, Shakey was named after its rather unstable movements. (Image courtesy of The Computer History Museum,

Artificial IntelligenceChapter 115 Robotics A legged game from RoboCup 2004 in Lisbon, Portugal Team ENSCO's entry in the first Grand Challenge, DAVID

Artificial IntelligenceChapter 116 Robotics The DARPA Grand Challenge is a race for a $2 million prize where cars drive themselves across several hundred miles of challenging desert terrain without any communication with humans, using GPS, computers and a sophisticated array of sensors. In 2005 the winning vehicles completed all 132 miles of the course in just under 7 hours.DARPA Grand ChallengeGPS

Artificial IntelligenceChapter 117 Robotics Huey, Dewey and Louie Named after Donald Duck's famous nephews, robots at this Wayne, Michigan plant apply sealant to prevent possible water leakage into the car. Huey (top) seals the drip rails while Dewey (right) seals the interior weld seams. Louie is outside of the view of this picture. (Image courtesy of Ford Motor Company.)

Artificial IntelligenceChapter 118 Robotics ASIMO,ASIMO a humanoid robot manufactured by Honda.humanoid Honda

Artificial IntelligenceChapter 119 Computer Vision Vision based biological species identification systems

Artificial IntelligenceChapter 120 Computer Vision Artist's Concept of Rover on Mars, an example of an unmanned land- based vehicle. Notice the stereo cameras mounted on top of the Rover. (credit: Maas Digital LLC)stereo cameras

Artificial IntelligenceChapter 121 Captcha Completely Automated Public Turing Test to tell Computers and Humans Apart = Captcha A CAPTCHA is a program that can generate and grade tests that most humans can pass, but current computer programs can't pass. Developed by Carnegie Mellon School of Computer Science

Artificial IntelligenceChapter 122 Captcha

Artificial IntelligenceChapter 123 Captcha

Artificial IntelligenceChapter 124 Captcha

Artificial IntelligenceChapter 125 Captcha

Artificial IntelligenceChapter 126 Machine Learning Wikipedia machine learning is concerned with the development of algorithms and techniques that allow computers to "learn".algorithms At a general level, there are two types of learning: inductive, and deductive. Inductive machine learning methods extract rules and patterns out of massive data sets.inductivedeductive

Artificial IntelligenceChapter 127 Expert System Expertise consists of knowledge about a particular domain, understanding of domain problems, and skill at solving some of these problems. Knowledge in any specialty is of two types, public and private. Public knowledge includes the published definitions, facts, and theories which are contained in textbooks and references in the domain of study. But expertise usually requires more than just public knowledge.

Artificial IntelligenceChapter 128 Natural Language Processing Wikipedia Natural language processing (NLP) is a subfield of artificial intelligence and linguistics. It studies the problems of automated generation and understanding of natural human languages.artificial intelligencelinguisticsnatural human languages Natural language generation systems convert information from computer databases into normal- sounding human language, and natural language understanding systems convert samples of human language into more formal representations that are easier for computer programs to manipulate.

Artificial IntelligenceChapter 129 Natural Language Processing have the same surface grammatical structure. However, in one of them the word they refers to the monkeys, in the other it refers to the bananas: the sentence cannot be understood properly without knowledge of the properties and behaviour of monkeys We gave the monkeys the bananas because they were hungry and We gave the monkeys the bananas because they were over-ripe.

Artificial IntelligenceChapter 130 Heuristic Computer Encyclopedia heuristic A method of problem solving using exploration and trial and error methods. Heuristic program design provides a framework for solving the problem in contrast with a fixed set of rules (algorithmic) that cannot vary.

Artificial IntelligenceChapter 131 tic tac toe

Artificial IntelligenceChapter 132 Tic Tac Toe