1 Chapter 14 Acids and Bases 14.1 Acids and Bases Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

2 Acids Arrhenius acids Produce H + ions in water. H 2 O HCl(g) H + (aq) + Cl - (aq) Are electrolytes. Have a sour taste. Turn litmus red. Neutralize bases. Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

3 Names of Acids Nonoxy acids with H and a nonmetal are named with the prefix hydro and end with ic acid. HClhydrochloric acid Oxyacids with H and a polyatomic ion (with oxygen) are named by changing the end of the common form of the polyatomic ion from ate to ic acid ClO 3 − chlorate ionHClO 3 chloric acid Oxyacids with one oxygen less than the common form change the ending of an –ite ion to ous acid. ClO 2 − chlorite ionHClO 2 chlorous acid

4 Some Acids and Their Anions Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 14.1

5 Group 7A(17) Oxyacids Oxyacids in Group 7A (17) can have prefixes. An acid with one oxygen more than the ic acid is named with the prefrix per HClO 3 chloric acid HClO 4 perchloric acid An acid with two oxygen less than the ic acid is named with the prefrix hypo HClO 3 chloric acid HClO hypochlorous acid

6 Group 7A(17) Oxyacids Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 14.2

7 Select the correct name for each: A. HBr 1. bromic acid 2. bromous acid 3. hydrobromic acid B. H 2 CO 3 1. carbonic acid 2. hydrocarbonic acid 3. carbonous acid C. HBrO1. hypobromic acid 2. hypobromous acid 3. bromous acid Learning Check

8 A. HBr3. hydrobromic acid The name of an acid with H and one nonmetal uses the prefix hydro and ends with ic acid. B. H 2 CO 3 1. carbonic acid An acid with H and a polyatomic ion is named by changing the end of an –ate ion to ic acid. C. HBrO2. hypobromous acid This oxyacid of bromine has two O atoms less than bromic acid. Solution

9 Bases Arrhenius bases Produce OH − ions in water. Taste bitter or chalky. Are electrolytes. Feel soapy and slippery. Neutralize acids. Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

10 Some Common Bases Bases with OH - ions are named as the hydroxide of the metal in the formula. NaOHsodium hydroxide KOHpotassium hydroxide Ba(OH) 2 barium hydroxide Al(OH) 3 aluminum hydroxide Fe(OH) 3 iron (III) hydroxide

11 Match the formulas with the names: A. ___HNO 2 1) periodic acid B. ___Ca(OH) 2 2) sulfuric acid C. ___H 2 SO 4 3) sodium hydroxide D. ___HIO 4 4) nitrous acid E. ___NaOH5) calcium hydroxide Learning Check

12 Match the formulas with the names: A. 4 HNO 2 nitrous acid B. 5 Ca(OH) 2 calcium hydroxide C. 2 H 2 SO 4 sulfuric acid D. 1 HIO 4 periodic acid E. 3 NaOHsodium hydroxide Solution

13 Br Ø nsted-Lowry Acids and Bases According to the Brønsted-Lowry theory, Acids donate a proton (H + ). Bases accept a proton (H + ). Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

14 NH 3, A Br ø nsted-Lowry Base In the reaction of ammonia and water, NH 3 is the base that accept H +. H 2 O is the acid that donates H +. Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

15 Comparing Acids and Bases Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 14.3

16 Identify each as a characteristic of an A) acid or B) base ____1. Has a sour taste. ____2. Produces OH - in aqueous solutions. ____3. Has a chalky taste. ____4. Is an electrolyte. ____5. Produces H + in aqueous solutions. Learning Check

17 Identify each as a characteristic of an A) acid or B) base A 1. Has a sour taste. B 2. Produces OH - in aqueous solutions. B 3. Has a chalky taste. A, B 4. Is an electrolyte. A 5. Produces H + in aqueous solutions. Solution