Fundamentals of Networking Discovery 1, Chapter 2 Operating Systems

Objectives Describe the purpose of an OS and identify common operating systems available. Perform an installation of an OS and prepare the computer to participate on the network. Maintain an operating system.

Purpose of the OS Allows components to work together Write a report & print ▫ Enter on keyboard ▫ Stored in RAM ▫ Processed by CPU ▫ Displayed on monitor ▫ Printed on printer All computerized devices require an OS

How the OS Works Loads OS into RAM from disk drive Shell ▫ Requests tasks from the computer ▫ Provides access to the OS Interact with the shell using: ▫ Command Line Interface (CLI) ▫ Graphical User Interface (GUI) Kernel ▫ OS code that interacts with the computer hardware is known as the ▫ Manages communication between hardware & software

The OS

CLI

GUI

The OS Manage one user at a time Multitask ▫ OS keeps track of resources used What are some resources are not directly connected to the PC? ▫ Server storage, Network printing…

Redirector & NOS Software that allows computer to send/receive over network ▫ Network Client ▫ Allows device to be shared ▫ Acts as though it were directly connected

Review so far… Which interface has a command prompt? ▫ CLI After powering up, the OS gets loaded into where? ▫ RAM What interfaces with the user & application? ▫ Shell

OS License Commercial License  Windows, Mac, UNIX GNU Public License (GPL) ▫ FREE  Linux

Comparing Licenses Commercial License GPL Access Restricts/limits access to code Access to code & can enhance it Cost Expensive $$$ Windows, Mac, Unix; license each PC Free Development Cycle Structured; changes aren’t avail quickly Ongoing, changes distributed quickly Support Avail for a fee usually Mostly community support & free

OS Requirements Amount of RAM Hard disk space required Processor type and speed Video resolution Minimum ▫ Poor performance Recommended

Activity- Commercial or GPL

Choosing An OS Must meet requirements of user ▫ Support applications ▫ Security sufficient Is the hardware supported by the OS? ▫ Does it support the RAM, HD, CPU, Sound Card, etc. Can your company support the new OS? At home, will support be available readily?

TCO Total Cost of Ownership ▫ Buying, installing, supporting

Review 1.Which type of OS provides full access to the source code? ▫ GPL 2.Which type of OS is costly? ▫ Commercial 3.Which type of OS provides support through its users? ▫ GPL

Review 1.Name 4 specifications for OS install requirements. ▫ HD ▫ Processor ▫ RAM ▫ Video Resolution 2.Describe a network redirector. 3.What are the 2 ways you can interact with the shell? ▫ CLI & GUI

Lab 2.2 Specifications of OS

Ways to Install an OS Clean Install Upgrade Multi-boot Virtualization

Clean Install New system or no way to upgrade Deletes all data Applications need to be reinstalled When would you do a clean install?

Upgrade OS System settings, applications and data are saved Replaces old OS files with new ones

Installing the OS- Multi-boot Can install more than one OS to a drive Each has its own partition ▫ Own files & config settings On start, user chooses which OS Only one OS runs at a time

Installing the OS- Virtualization Used on servers So multiple copies of OS can be used on a single set of hardware

Activity

Prepare for Install Verify all hardware can work with the OS Meet or exceed the minimum hardware requirements Do you have CD or DVD & the correct drive? Make sure PC is virus free AND make a full backup of all important files If doing a clean-install, make sure you have all application software for re-installation

File System Verify system used ▫ NTFS ▫ FAT16 ▫ FAT32 These indicate ▫ How large of a HD can be used ▫ How files are organized, stored, retrieved and encrypted from the HD

Partitions On clean install, some techs… ▫ Partition 1 for OS ▫ Partition 2 for data Also used for multi-boot When upgrade OS, data will not be deleted

Review so far… 1.What is a partition? 2.What happens to data on a HD during a clean install? 3.How many OS’s are running in a multiboot system? 4.What happens to applications during an upgrade?

Configure for Network What is a network? ▫ Group of devices connected to each other to share info & resources NIC IP Address ▫ Id’s computer UNIQUE Subnet Mask ▫ Id’s the network it is on Default Gateway ▫ The way out of the network to communicate w/ other networks

Network Communication

Configuring the IP Address Manual (static) or Dynamic (automatic) pool from server

Computer Naming Manually assigned For easy sharing Admin designs naming scheme CL-PRT-Eng-01 represents the 1st color laser printer in the Engineering Department

Planning Names & Addresses The larger the network gets, you MUST be organized & documented! Come up with guidelines

Review 1.A DHCP server assigns address how? ▫ Automatically/Dynamically 2.What are 3 settings you need to connect to a network? ▫ IP, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway 3.What is a default gateway? ▫ Address to get out of the network so it can communicate with other networks 4.Describe a partition.

Review 1.Which install method requires applications to be reinstalled? ▫ Clean Install 2.Before upgrading the OS, what should you do with your data? ▫ Back it up 3.To be on a network, what 2 things need to be unique? ▫ IP address & computer name

When to Apply Patches What’s a patch? ▫ Piece of program code that can correct a problem or enhance the functionality of an application program or OS Update computers often BUT make sure you understand the patch first!

What Version Do You Have? Windows 7, Vista, XP ▫ Start ▫ Winver Version EULA 3

Applying the OS Patch Automatic installation ▫ Select time to install Prompt for Permission Manual

Auto, Manual, or Prompt?

Application Software Patches Browsers, Office, other programs Repair a detected vulnerability or other problem Found on manufacturer’s site

Question??? Windows XP has a known problem working with certain AMD processors. How could you best solve this problem? ▫ Reinstall the CPU ▫ Delete XP & do a clean install ▫ Set up another XP partition ▫ Install a Windows patch that fixes it ▫ Replace the processor with a different one

Lab 2.3.3

Review 1.What’s a patch? 2.Where can you find a patch? Manufacturer’s web site 3.What are the 3 methods for getting OS updates? Auto, Manual, With Permission 4.What user interface has icons? GUI

Review 1.Where do devices get IP addresses from dynamically? ▫ A DHCP server 2.What is needed to install two OS’s on a PC? ▫ Multiple partitions 3.What letter grade will you get on this test? ▫ A or B, hopefully

Review- 5

Fundamentals of Networking Discovery 1, Chapter 2 Operating Systems