Review Give and example of selective breeding Review what is the relationship between genetic variations and mutations. Explanation Write a paragraph in which you suggest ways that plants could be genetically altered to improve the world’s food supply

Ch 15 Genetic Engineering 15.1 Selective Breeding

Selective Breeding Method of breeding where the organisms that breed are picked due to certain traits People have done this for a long time with many species Native Americans selectively bred teosinte to produce corn.

Hybridization Crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms Individuals produced by such crosses are often hardier than either of the parents Can increase the disease resistance or increase food production.

Inbreeding Continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics Useful in preserving certain traits- dog breeds Increases the chance that a cross between two individuals will bring together two recessive alleles for a genetic defect.

Biotechnology Application of a technological process, invention, or method to living organisms.

Increasing Variation

Mutations Ultimate source of biological diversity Occur spontaneously Breeders can increase the mutation rate using radiation or chemicals Used often with bacteria.

Polyploid Plants Given drugs to prevent chromosomes from separating Often are larger and stronger.