11th ASEAN Regional Forum Heads of Defense Universities/Colleges/Institutions Meeting 9-11 October 2007 Canberra, Australia TRANSFORMING PHILIPPINE DEFENSE AND MILITARY EDUCATION TO COPE WITH FUTURE CHALLENGES Mr Chairman, fellow delegates, ladies and gentlemen: My delegation joins the other delegations of the ARFHDUCI to the Commander, ADC and his organizing staff for the wonderful arrangements made during this 11th meeting. I have chosen the topic, TRANSFORMING PHILIPPINE DEFENSE AND MILITARY EDUCATION TO COPE WITH FUTURE CHALLENGES as it fits in very nicely with a current effort we are undertaking in the Philippine DND. Commodore Carlos L Agustin AFP (Ret) President, National Defense College of the Philippines

Outline of Presentation Introduction: The Strategic Environment and the Role of the Armed Forces Responding to Challenges Through Professional Defense and Military Education Conclusion: The Way Forward in Defense Education Outline of Presentation 1. Introduction: The Strategic Environment and the Role of the Armed Forces 2. Responding to Challenges Through Professional Defense and Military Education 3. The Way Forward in Defense Education 4. Conclusion

I. INTRODUCTION: THE STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENT AND THE ROLE OF THE ARMED FORCES Additional roles apart from territorial defense The 21st Century ushered in a more complex and uncertain strategic environment Threats involve challenges from internal and external sources of instability Additional roles apart from territorial defense –policeman, responder, peacemaker, builder, teacher, doctor. The 21st Century ushered in a more complex and uncertain strategic environment These challenges include threats emanating from internal and external sources of instability

Operations Other Than War Internal security operations Counter-terrorism Disaster response Support to national development International humanitarian assistance and peacekeeping operations Others The AFP is today performing many missions under the generic heading of MOOW. These include: 1.Internal security operations 2.Counter-terrorism 3.Disaster response 4.Support to national development 5.International humanitarian assistance and peacekeeping operations 6.Others

Threats to Internal Security Communist Party of the Philippines-New People’s Army (CPP-NPA) Southern Philippines: Moro Islamic Liberation Front and the Bangsamoro Islamic Armed Forces (MILF-BIAF), MNLF splinter groups Terrorism: Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG), Rajah Sulayman Movement (RSM) and Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) Our three main internal security threats are: 1.Communist Party of the Philippines-New People’s Army (CPP-NPA) 2.Southern Philippines: Moro Islamic Liberation Front and the Bangsamoro Islamic Armed Forces (MILF-BIAF), MNLF splinter groups 3.Terrorism: Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG), Rajah Sulayman Movement (RSM) and Jemaah Islamiyah (JI)

CPP/NPA Personnel Strength, Firearms, Affected Barangays, and Guerilla Fronts (1978-1st Sem of 2006) Allow me to show how the decision to give COIN back to the DND-AFP. This chart clearly showed to us that the decision to let the DND-AFP do into the external defense mode by 1997 was in error. Source: J2 Strength Firearms Affected Brgys Guerilla Fronts

Support to National Development Delivery basic services in rebel-infested areas Kalayaang Barangay (Freedom Villages) Program Performance of certain critical government functions Army Literacy Patrol System (ALPS) Military assistance for transport and security in certain areas. Support to national infrastructure development Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Transformation of conflict-affected areas to peace and development zones Other services Conflict Resolution and Peace Building Support to National Development Delivery basic services in rebel-infested areas Assistance to Kalayaang Barangay (Freedom Villages) Program --a government economic grassroots program aimed at bringing basic government services such as health, education and livelihood to far-flung towns and barangays. Performance of certain critical government functions Army Literacy Patrol System (ALPS) Military assistance for transport and security in certain areas. Support to national infrastructure development Reconstruction and Rehabilitation (creation in Sep 2007 of the AFP National Development Command) Other services Transformation of conflict-affected areas to peace and development zones Conflict Resolution and Peace Building

Disaster Management Disaster Emergency Assistance Rescue and Relief Training (DEART) Assistance to disaster affected areas Search and rescue operations Transport of relief supplies Provide personnel and logistics to secure or evacuate an area Disaster Management The Secretary of National Defense is a member of the National Disaster Coordinating Council. The Office of Civil Defenseunder the DND handles the planning, administration and management of the emergency management function. Tasks and functions: Disaster Emergency Assistance Rescue and Relief Training (DEART) Assistance to disaster affected areas Search and rescue operations Transport relief supplies Provide personnel and logistics to secure or evacuate an area

Whole of Government Approach LEFT HAND RIGHT HAND Insurgency Secessionism Terrorism Poverty Underdevelopment Lack of Education Lack of Basic Services MILITARY DEVELOPMENT All of these are geared toward supporting the total development effort of the government. For without development in today’s developing country environment, there can never be security and vice versa. This is because unless most of the people are satisfied in a free society it is often easy to influence people power to unwittingly support those organized to overthrow the government or spawn. This is likewise reflected in the National Internal Security Plan or NISP. RIGHT HAND LEFT HAND

AFP in Peacekeeping TOTAL AFP PERSONNEL DEPLOYED: 351 MINUSTAH Haiti Troops: 157 UNMIT Timor-Leste Military Observers: 3 UNMIL Liberia Troops: 170 Military Observers: 3 UNMIS Sudan Military Observers 13 In International Humanitarian Assistance and Peacekeeping Cognizant of the need to assist in maintaining international peace and order, the philippines has been involved in various UN peacekeeping missions. The 12 Sep data from the UN website shows that we have 351 military personnel as shown---157 peacekeepers in Haiti, 3 observers in Timor Leste, 13 observers in Sudan, 3 peacekeepers and 2 observers in Cote d’Ivoire, and 170 peacekeepers and 3 observers in Liberia. UNOCI Cote d’Ivoire Troops: 3 Military Observers: 2 TOTAL AFP PERSONNEL DEPLOYED: 351

II. RESPONDING TO CHALLENGES THROUGH PROFESSIONAL DEFENSE AND MILITARY EDUCATION “The possession of an extensive body of knowledge is central to the professionalization of a military corps.” – Samuel Huntington II. RESPONDING TO CHALLENGES THROUGH PROFESSIONAL DEFENSE AND MILITARY EDUCATION “The possession of an extensive body of knowledge is central to the professionalization of a military corps.” – Samuel Huntington While this quote comes from Huntington, former US Navy Secretary Gordon England includes the need for training in his 15 rules for leadership. Having studied this many years ago, I consider the British Samuel Pepys as one of the foremost proponents of career development in any navy.

Professional Military Education in the Philippines National Defense College of the Philippines (NDCP) Strategic Command and General Staff College (CGSC) Operational Professio0nal military education in the Philippines can be described as shown At the bottom is the Philippine Military Academy, a tri-service military school. It is buy no means the only source of officers. At the strategic level PME aims to produce critical thinkers who view military affairs in the broadest context, can evaluate and identify probable changes, and who can develop and execute defense strategies for national security and national policy. Air Education and Training Command (AETC) Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) Naval Education and Training Command (NETC) Tactical Philippine Military Academy (PMA)

Policy and curriculum review: Professional Military Education in the Philippines Policy and curriculum review: AFP Education and Training Board Review various education and training programs of the AFP (CGSC and other AFP and services schools) Identify courses and programs to address military needs and requirements Conduct of regular program and curriculum reviews DND Special Committee on Education and Training Review various education and training programs of the DND-AFP Identify courses and programs to address defense needs and requirements Ongoing Philippine Defense review (PDR) Policy and curriculum review: AFP Education and Training Board Review various education and training programs of the AFP (CGSC and other AFP and services schools) Identify courses and programs to address military needs and requirements Conduct of regular program and curriculum reviews DND Special Committee on Education and Training Review various education and training programs of the DND-AFP Identify courses and programs to address defense needs and requirements Fulfill the goals of national security and strategic policy Ongoing Philippine Defense review (PDR)

National Defense College of the Philippines “National Security is the concern of all sectors of society, not just the military” Whole-of-government approach Master in National Security Administration (MNSA) subjects: National Security Policy Studies Human Rights Development and Economics National Defense College of the Philippines “National Security is the concern of all sectors of society, not just the military” Whole-of-government approach Master in National Security Administration (MNSA) subjects: National Security Policy Studies Human Rights Development and Economics

CAPSTONE Course First conducted in 2003: Four-week finishing course for generals and flag officers Objectives: Expose course participants to dynamics of national security and develop strategy formulation Enhance and develop power factors and dimensions in pursuit of national development Next CAPSTONE Course on November 2007 Capstone Course First conducted in 2003: Four-week finishing course for generals and flag officers Objectives: Expose course participants to dynamics of national security and develop strategy formulation Enhance and develop power factors and dimensions in pursuit of national development Next CAPSTONE Course on November 2007 but could be delayed due to last minute changes currently being discussed in a workshop.

Other Approaches to Professional Education and Training AFP Education and Benefits Systems Office which, provides scholarships for AFP personnel to pursue higher education Currently considering better integration of civilian professional education in planning, support and implementation of military operations and strategy. Promotes greater understanding of the government’s holistic approach Considers human rights and CMO education as priorities Other Approaches to Professional Education and Training AFP Education and Benefits Systems Office which, provides scholarships for AFP personnel to pursue higher education Currently considering better integration of civilian professional education in planning, support and implementation of military operations and strategy. Promotes greater understanding of the government’s holistic approach Considers human rights and CMO education as priorities This last point is further explained in the next slide.

Human Rights in Defense Education To address the need for greater human rights awareness within the AFP To integrate human rights education and training in all career and specialized courses for military personnel As a requirement for promotion within the AFP Human Rights in Defense education To address the need for greater human rights awareness within the AFP To integrate human rights education and training in all career and specialized courses for military personnel As a requirement for promotion within the AFP

Peacekeeping Operations Training Center Functions: (Established 2002) Ensure uniform training for Filipino peacekeepers and military observers Instruct personnel on roles, duties and responsibilities of UN peacekeepers Provide briefing on local culture and geo-politics in areas of deployment Peacekeeping Operations Training Center In response to the growing requirements for peacekeeping, the PKOTC was established in 2002. Its functions include: 1.Ensure uniform training for Filipino peacekeepers and military observers 2.Instruct personnel on roles, duties and responsibilities of UN peacekeepers 3. Provide briefing on local culture and geo-politics in areas of deployment Language training, if required, is provided by the NDCP’s IFL.

Foreign Education & Training Opportunities United States IMET Joint Exercises: Balikatan, Piston Exercises, CARAT Joint Training: Light Reaction Battalion (LRB) Australia Educational exchanges and scholarships Joint Exercises: CARACHA, LUMBAS Foreign Education and training United States IMET Joint Exercises: Balikatan, Piston Exercises, CARAT Joint Training: Light Reaction Battalion (LRBN) Australia Educational exchanges and scholarships Joint Exercises: CARACHA, LUMBAS Other scholarships, training programs and military exercises with allied countries (UK, China, Japan, ROK, EU) Other scholarships, training programs and military exercises with allied countries (UK, China, Japan, ROK, EU)

The Philippine Defense Reform Program Strengthen linkage between education and training to the Defense mission Institute comprehensive and system-wide reforms Create “a strong, capable and responsive” Philippine Defense establishment based on the findings of the Joint Defense Assessment (JDA) Address current and future threats Foster a secure environment conducive to national development The Philippine Defense Reform Program One identified need is to strengthen the linkage between education and training and achieving the mission of the defense establishment as well as address the need of other functions and areas within the defense establishment. The DND embarked in the PDR to institute comprehensive and system-wide reforms in the defense establishment. The ongoing PDR program was based on the findings of the 2003 Joint Defense Assessment (JDA). The JDA was a comprehensive assessment of the AFP’s capability and recommended plans on how to bridge the present capability gap to achieve the desired capability needed to address current and future security requirements. The objectives are as shown on the slide. Professional development fits perfectly under program 4 (next chart)

PDR’s 10 Priority Programs Multi-year Defense Planning System Improvement of Intelligence, Operations and Training Capacity Improved Logistics Capacity PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM Improvement of Personnel Management Systems Multi-year Capability Upgrade Optimized Defense Budget and Improved Management Controls Centrally Managed Defense Acquisition Development of Strategic Communication Information Management Development 10 PDR priority programs 1. Multi-year Defense Planning System 2. Improvement of Intelligence, Operations and Training Capacity 3. Improved Logistics Capacity 4. PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM 5. Improvement of Personnel Management Systems 6. Multi-year Capability Upgrade 7. Optimized Defense Budget and Improved Management Controls 8. Centrally Managed Defense Acquisition 9. Development of Strategic Communication 10.Information Management Development

Priority Program 4: Professional Development “Develop, integrate and institutionalize a comprehensive Professional Development System capable of sustaining organizational excellence and mission performance through significant improvements of essential education and training capabilities and character building mechanisms required for a professional defense force” The Professional development Program aims to “Develop, integrate and institutionalize a comprehensive Professional Development System capable of sustaining organizational excellence and mission performance through significant improvements of essential education and training capabilities and character building mechanisms required for a professional defense force”

Priority Program 4: Professional Development Standardization of training, education and leadership courses Review and improvement of existing career systems Development of training cycles relative to career fields from recruitment to retirement Development of institutional certain critical areas Specifically the program aims to improve defense management by establishing a department-wide professional defense education system for defense personnel through: 1.Standardization of training, education and leadership courses 2.Review and improvement of existing career systems 3.Development of training cycles relative to career fields from recruitment to retirement 4.Development of institutional certain critical areas The critical fields mentioned in the last item are shown in the next slide.

Priority Program 4: Professional Development Critical areas where Institutional and individual competencies needed : Defense resource management Acquisition Strategic planning Multi-year budgeting Strategic communication Project management Change management Information management These Critical areas where Institutional and individual competencies are needed are as follows: Defense resource management Acquisition Strategic planning Multi-year budgeting Strategic communication Project management Change management Information management While existing courses cover these areas, it is felt that there is a need to update strengthen the respective course contents in these training fields

Professional Civilian Defense Service Corps Create a clear career path for defense civilian personnel Attract, recruit and train new personnel Establish a pool of researchers, specialists, analysts, strategic thinkers and policy makers Develop, implement and sustain individual programs geared towards national security and development Specifically for the civilian career fields, in addition to making such areas of expertise comparable to other countries’ systems we hope to achieve the following: Create a clear career path for defense civilian personnel Attract, recruit and train new personnel Establish a pool of researchers, specialists, analysts, strategic thinkers and policy makers Develop, implement and sustain individual programs geared towards national security and development

III. THE WAY FORWARD IN DEFENSE EDUCATION Harness the power of Technology Active collaboration among defense educational institutions Robust Defense-academe/industry partnership While the reforms being instituted by the PDR have barely started, it has created an impetus for change throughout the DND that is quite difficult to restrain. We need to address as well among our other member institutions in the ARFHDUCI exchange of information and best practices as a tool for the advancement of mutual interests in the fields of activity we are ijn, which is in professional development and strategic research.

“The officer of today must be far more highly trained…than the officer of the past.” -British Sec of War Lord RB Haldane (1856-1928 ) Former Britich Sec of War 1st Viscount Richard B Haldane’s statement in 1928 is quoted here: “The officer of today must be far more highly trained…than the officer of the past.” For the benefit of those who are unaware, Lord Haldane is credited forpreparing the army for participation in a possible European war (WWI) by establishing the British Expeditionary Force. His tenure also saw the creation of the Imperial General Staff, the Territorial Army, the Officer Training Corps, and the Special Reserve in the British Army. He was given a peerage in 1911, becoming the Viscount Haldane. Upon Lord Loreburn's retirement in 1912, Haldane succeeded him as Lord Chancellor, but was forced to resign in 1915, after being falsely accused of pro-German sympathies. The cartoon on the right is from Punch magazine March 3rd, 1920, after Haldane's term as Liberal Lord Chancellor and three years before his term as Labour Lord Chancellor.

Thank you and Mabuhay! www.ndcp.edu.ph