DR. BARBARA SCHULTZ-JONES DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCES COLLEGE OF INFORMATION UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS DENTON, TX ESC Region XI Virtual Technology Conference NOVEMBER 11, 2009 RDA: What Does it Mean to School Library Resource Description and Access ?

Objectives Understand the role of FRBR and FRAD in Resource Description and Access (RDA) Understand the impact of RDA on cataloging tasks Understand the impact of RDA on user operations Consider a strategy for implementing RDA in the school library media center 2

What do I need to learn about RDA? The main questions being asked are:  How do we use it?  How do we implement it in our library?  Are vendors creating new systems that use it? Perhaps the most challenging aspect will be learning the complexity of the FRBR entity- relationship models in which information resources are classified as: Works, Expressions, Manifestations, and Items (often referred to as WEMI). 3

Where we are and how we got here Resource Description and Access (RDA) replaces Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, 2 nd ed. (AACR2) in January 2010, as an online database product to incorporate the features and functionalities of online access. (JSC, )  Work began in 2004, initially conceived as AACR3 but need for greater flexibility drove the movement to a new approach Based in part on conceptual models in Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) and Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD)FRBRFRAD Motivated by :  Changes in technology Impact on descriptive/access data Book catalogs Card catalogs OPACs Next generation  Move from the isolated individual library to incorporation of the international audience  Move from classes of materials to elements and values (more controlled vocabularies) 4

5 Bibliographic Universe  Books  Serials  Maps, globes, etc.  Manuscripts.  Musical scores  A-V  sound recordings  motion pictures  photographs, slides  Multimedia  “Remote” digital materials  Etc.

Intention of RDA Broaden the statement of principles (Paris Principles)  All types of resources (not just books)  Bibliographic relationships, descriptive cataloging, not Subject Cataloging at this time  Access (not just choice and form of entry, but all access for bibliographic and authority records) Builds on  Great cataloguing traditions of the world  FRBR and FRAD and future FR-Subjects 6

AACR2 vs. RDA: Difference in Proportions AACR2 Description of information entities—13 chapters (Part 1) Weak on access points; talks of main and added (MAP, AAP), have to look all over Part II for access point provisions (e.g., title access points are discussed in chapter 21 only and then only as a default provision, not much direction) Is not really based on the idea of a “work”, rather it is very much based on the unit record system. 7

AACR2 vs. RDA, continued RDA Description is covered in 4 chapters, everything else is about access points Form is no longer the first decision; chapters are not based on form (e.g., no longer have chapters 2-12 as in AACR2) Does not focus on the unit record system—it can be, but it doesn’t need to do so—rather it operates on the idea of a “work” Does not put the cataloger in the decision of having to decide Main and Added Access points; we don’t need those distinctions any longer although it does use the idea of a “preferred access point” 8

How RDA Differs from AACR2 How RDA is similar to AACR2 Not organized by form of item Based on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) Most rules will not change Discusses description and access points RDA and AACR2 9

10 RESOURCE DESCRIPTION AND ACCESS (RDA) RECORDING ATTRIBUTES Introduction Section 1. Chapters 1-4 Recording attributes of manifestation and item Section 2. Chapters 5-7 Recording attributes of work and expression Section 3. Chapters 8-11 Recording attributes of person, family, and corporate body Section 4. Chapters Recording attributes of concept, object, event, and place RECORDING RELATIONSHIPS Section 5. Chapter 17 Recording primary relationships between work, expression, manifestation, and item Section 6. Chapters Recording relationships to persons, families, and corporate bodies Section 7. Chapters 23 Recording relationships to concepts, objects, events, and places associated with a work Section 8. Chapters Recording relationships between works, expressions, manifestations, and items Section 9. Chapters Recording relationships between persons, families, and corporate bodies Section 10. Chapters Recording relationships between concepts, objects, events, and places Appendices A-M Glossary A NGLO -A MERICAN C ATALOGUING R ULES, 2 ND ED., R EV. P ART I D ESCRIPTION Introduction Chapter 1. General Rules Chapters 2-12 Special rules applicable to particular types of information resources (i.e., maps, manuscripts, music, etc.) Chapter 13 Analytical descriptions P ART I H EADINGS, U NIFORM T ITLES AND R EFERENCES Chapter 20 Introduction Chapter 21 Choice of Access points [main and added] Chapter 22 Headings for persons Chapter 23 Geographic names Chapter 24 Headings for Corporate Bodies Chapter 25 Uniform Titles Chapter 26 References Appendices A-E Index

How much must I re-learn? RDA now outlines the first step in creating a catalog record as deciding on the type of description to be represented, and not deciding on format, although format is still integral Types of description (rules 1.2) Types of description  Comprehensive, analytical, or multi-level description More emphasis on showing bibliographic relationships (e.g., taxonomy of bibliographic relationships) in order to better allow clustering of records  Read--works by B. Tillett, R. Smiraglia; M. Yee, S. Vellucci, E. O’Neill, D. Vizine-Goetz, just to name a few… 11

Preparation Cataloging community must  study the conceptual model offered by FRBR and FRAD  Read and study drafts of RDA as released  Provide feedback to JSC and vendors Vendors must consider a re-design of their automation systems in order to incorporate new functionality of bibliographic and authority data Vendors producing bibliographic records must consider how and when to add the new RDA fields to MARC records 12

What’s a conceptual model? Abstract depiction of the universe of things being described  The things in that universe (entities)  Identifying characteristics of those entities (attributes/elements)  The relationships among the entities 13

Why do we need FRBR? Improve the user experience in locating information  Guide systems designs for the future  Guide rule makers Cut costs for the description and access to resources in our libraries Position information providers to better operate in the Internet environment and beyond 14

Applications of the Conceptual Model FRBR is conceptual model  No application is prescribed Opportunities for the future in new systems designs  Australia, Europe  Variations3, etc. Keep user foremost in mind 15

Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) User tasks  Find  Identify  Select  Obtain Entity-relationship model  Entities: Group 1, 2, 3  Relationships  Attributes National level record elements (mandatory & optional data) 16

FRBR Entities Group 1 : Products of intellectual & artistic endeavor = bibliographic resources  Work  Expression  Manifestation  Item 17

FRBR’s Entity-Relationship Model Entities Relationships Attributes (data elements) 18 relationship One EntityAnother Entity

FRBR’s Entity-Relationship Model 19 created ShakespeareHamlet was created by Person Work

Expression Manifestation Item Work Physical - recording of content Intellectual/ artistic content is realized through is embodied in is exemplified by 20

Vocabulary “Book” 21 –Door prop (item) –“publication” at bookstore any copy (manifestation)

Vocabulary “Book” 22 –Who translated? (expression) –Who wrote? (work)

Work Expression Manifestation Item is realized through is embodied in is exemplified by recursive one many Group 1 23

24 Elements to Describe Resources Work  ID  Title  Date  etc. Expression  ID  Form  Date  Language  etc. Manifestation  ID  Title  Statement of responsibility  Edition  Imprint (place, publisher, date)  Form/extent of carrier  Terms of availability  Mode of access  etc. Item  ID  Provenance  Location  etc.

25 Work

Expressions Les Trois Mousquetaires text movie French 26

Manifestations books Videocassettes DVDs CDs 27

Examples 1. Leatherbound autographed copy in Rare Books Collection? 2. Digitized version of the Oxford University Press text published in 2008? 3. French translation? 4. London Symphony Orchestra 2005 performance? 5. The Three Musketeers? 28 Item Manifestation Expression Work

Original Work - Same Expression Same Work – New Expression New Work Cataloging Rules Cut- Off Point Derivative EquivalentDescriptive Facsimile Reprint Exact Reproduction Copy Microform Reproduction Variations or Versions Translation Simultaneous “Publication” Edition Revision Slight Modification Expurgated Edition Illustrated Edition Abridged Edition Arrangement Summary Abstract Digest Change of Genre Adaptation Dramatization Novelization Screenplay Libretto Free Translation Same Style or Thematic Content Parody Imitation Review Criticism Annotated Edition Casebook Evaluation Commentary Family of Works 29

30 Relationships Inherent among the Group 1 entities Content relationships among works/expressions Work Expression Manifestation Item Whole-Part Accompanying Sequential Derivative

FRBR Entities Group 1: Bibliographic resources  Work  Expression  Manifestation  Item 31

FRBR Entities Group 2 : Those responsible for the intellectual & artistic content = Parties  Person  Corporate body  Family 32

Relationship vs. Element 33 WorkPerson Created by Creates HamletShakespeare

Work Expression Manifestation Item 34 Group 2 many is owned by is produced by is realized by is created by Person Corporate Body Family

FRBR Entities Group 3 : Subjects of works  Groups 1 & 2 plus  Concept  Object  Event  Place Subject relationship 35

Subject Relationship 36 WorkPerson Created by Creates Concept/Topic has subject is subject of

Work 37 Group 3 many has as subject Expression Manifestation Item Person Corporate Body Work Concept Object Event Place has as subject Family

FRBR Benefits Collocation  Better organization to catalog  More options to display Identifying elements Pathways 38 Simplify cataloging  enabling links and re-use of identifying elements

Objectives of Catalogs Cutter’s objectives for the catalog  Finding - description and access standards  Collocating - controlled “vocabularies” for precision of searching 39

“User Tasks” - FRBR Find (locate and collocate) Identify Select Obtain Relate/Navigate 40

Objectives of Catalogs Finding (locate)  A single specific resource Collocating (sets of resources)  All resources belonging to the same work  All resources belonging to the same expression  All resources belonging to the same manifestation  All the works and expressions of a person, corporate body, or family  All resources on a given subject  All resources sharing some specific characteristic  Language, place of publication, date, etc. 41

Collocation by Works Shakespeare, William, All’s well that ends well + As you like it + Hamlet + Macbeth + Midsummer night’s dream + … 42

Collocation by Family of Works and Expressions Shakespeare, William, Hamlet. + Texts + Motion Pictures + Sound Recordings 43

Collocation by Expressions Shakespeare, William, Hamlet. + Texts – Danish + Texts – Dutch + Texts – English + Texts – French + Texts – Spanish + Motion Pictures – English + Sound Recordings - English 44

Collocation of Manifestations Shakespeare, William, Hamlet. - Motion pictures – English Director, Bill Collegan Director, Kevin Kline, Kirk Browning Director, Franco Zeffirelli Director, Maria Muat Director, Kenneth Branagh Director, Campbell Scott, Eric Simonson 45

46 Collocation Objectives of a catalog: display  All the works associated with a person, etc.  All the expressions of the same work  All the manifestations of the same expression  All items/copies of the same manifestation Hamlet Stockholm 2008 English Swedish French German Shakespeare Library of Congress Copy 1 Green leather binding Romeo and Juliet

47 Pathways to Related Works Hamlet Stockholm 2008 English Swedish French German Shakespeare Library of Congress Copy 1 Green leather binding Romeo and Juliet Stoppard Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead Text Movies … Derivative works Subject

LC Control No.: LCCN Permalink: Type of Material:Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name:Shakespeare, William, Shakespeare, William, Main Title:... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. Published/Created:[Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description:2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER:PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1PR2779.H3 G5 -- Request in:Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms Shakespeare, William, Hamlet. French. 48

LC Control No.: LCCN Permalink: Type of Material:Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name:Shakespeare, William, Shakespeare, William, Main Title:... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. Published/Created:[Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description:2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER:PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1PR2779.H3 G5 -- Request in:Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms Shakespeare, William, Hamlet. French. Work Person 49

LC Control No.: LCCN Permalink: Type of Material:Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name:Shakespeare, William, Shakespeare, William, Main Title:... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. Published/Created:[Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description:2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER:PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1PR2779.H3 G5 -- Request in:Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms Shakespeare, William, Hamlet. French. Expression 50

LC Control No.: LCCN Permalink: Type of Material:Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name:Shakespeare, William, Shakespeare, William, Main Title:... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. Published/Created:[Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description:2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER:PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1PR2779.H3 G5 -- Request in:Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms Shakespeare, William, Hamlet. French. Manifestation 51

LC Control No.: LCCN Permalink: Type of Material:Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name:Shakespeare, William, Shakespeare, William, Main Title:... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. Published/Created:[Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description:2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER:PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1PR2779.H3 G5 -- Request in:Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms Shakespeare, William, Hamlet. French. Item 52

FRBR-based systems 54 Work Manifestation Person Expression Manifestation Item Concept Corporate body Person

MARC 21 Changes (slide from “RDA and OCLC”, Webinar presentation, October K. Calhoun, J. Godby, T. Fons, and G.Patton) Bibliographic records 040 ‡e code ‘rda’ to identify the rules used New fields for content type, media type and carrier type  Field 336 – Content type  Field 337 – Media type  Field 338 – Carrier type Authority records 040 ‡e code ‘rda’ to identify the rules used Other fields for entity attributes OCLC implementation in time for use in the testing 55

Content, media, and carrier types Content type  MARC Leader/06 - must continue to use Less granular than RDA MARC LDR/06 code examples e - cartographic material f - manuscript cartographic material  New field use to record exact RDA terms $a Content type terms $2 Source RDA term examples cartographic dataset cartographic image cartographic moving image cartographic tactile image cartographic tactile three-dimensional form cartographic three-dimensional form 336 ## $a cartographic dataset $2 rda 56

Content, media, and carrier types Media type  MARC 007/00 – close match with RDA  007 provides coding for multiple facets of resource MARC 007/00 code examples h - microform s - sound recording  New field use to record exact RDA terms and/or do not need to code additional facets of resource $a Media type term $2 Source RDA term examples microform audio 337 ## $a microform $2 rda 337 ## $a audio $2 rda 57

Content, media, and carrier types Carrier type  MARC 007/01 – close match with RDA  007 provides coding for multiple facets of resource MARC 007/01 code examples b - microfilm cartridge d - sound disc  New field use to record exact RDA terms and do not need to code additional facets of resource $a Carrier type term $2 Source RDA term examples microform cartridge audio disc 338 ## $a microfilm cartridge $2 rda 338 ## $a audio disc $2 rda 58

Who’s ready now? VTLS - Virtua   Automation system designed with FRBR concepts The Primo® system from Ex Libris   FRBRized interface to streamline the discovery process. 59

100 $a Preferred name for the person $d Date of birth 240 $a Preferred title for the work $l Language of expression 245 $a Title proper $c Statement of responsibility relating to title proper 250 $a Designation of edition 260 $a Place of publication $b Publisher’s name $c Date of publication 300 $a Extent 338 $a Carrier type 500 $a Nature of the content … 700 $a Preferred name for the person $c Title of the person $e Relationship designator 700 $a Preferred name for the person $c Profession or occupation $e Relationship designator 730 $a Preferred title for the work $d Date of work 740 $a Variant title BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD 100 $a Preferred name for the person $d Date of birth $t Preferred title for the work $l Language of expression 530 $a Preferred title for the work $d Date of work $0 Identifier for the work … NAME-TITLE AUTHORITY RECORD Linked bibliographic and authority records 100 $a Preferred name for the person $c Title of the person 400 $a Variant name for the person 500 $a Preferred name for the person $d Date of birth $0 Identifier for the person … NAME AUTHORITY RECORD 100 $a Preferred name for the person $c Profession or occupation 400 $a Variant name for the person … NAME AUTHORITY RECORD 130 $a Preferred title for the work $d Date of work 500 $a Preferred name for the person $d Date of birth $t Preferred title for the work $l Language of expression $0 Identifier for the work … TITLE AUTHORITY RECORD 100 $a Preferred name for the person $d Date of birth 400 $a Variant name for the person 500 $a Preferred name for the person $c Title of the person $0 Identifier for the person … NAME AUTHORITY RECORD 506 $a Restrictions on access 561 $a Custodial history of item 562 $a Item-specific carrier characteristic … HOLDINGS RECORD 1 2 3

Manifestation Record - VTLS 61

Next Steps RDA Testing  January – March 2010  Preparatory period, preliminary use of RDA and RDA Online tool  April – June 2010  Formal testing (23 of 90 selected) LIS educators included in test group; UNT participating NEISD San Antonio representing school libraries  July – September 2010  Formal Assessment  October 2010  Final report shared with U.S. library community Vendor adoption, creativity and design! 62

Thank You Questions?