Go Beyond the Classroom Enriching Scholarship 6 May 2010 Image from Andrew Scott under a Creative Commons license: BY-NC-SA Copyright © 2010 The Regents of the University of Michigan Except where otherwise noted, this work is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Share your work with the world through Open Educational Resources

what is OER? why OER? open.michigan generate OER license use cite share group activity

“Openly Licensed?” comes from the definition...

OER Definition: “Open educational resources are educational materials and resources offered freely and openly for anyone to use and − under some licenses − to remix, improve and redistribute.” Wikipedia: OER,

OER Definition: “Open educational resources are educational materials and resources offered freely and openly for anyone to use and under some licenses to remix, improve and redistribute.” Wikipedia: OER,

What types of materials can become OER ? Classroom Materials: including lecture presentations, reading lists, syllabi, etc. Websites Videos Image Collections Software

The difference between: Open Course Ware (OCW) and OER.

MIT OpenCourseWare,

OCW focuses on sharing open content that is developed specifically to instruct a course OER includes any educational content that is shared under an open license, whether or not it is a part of a course

OCW // OER - overlap OER OCW OCW, single images, general campus lectures, image collections, singular learning modules, paper or article syllabi, lecture notes, presentation slides, assignments, lecture videos - all related to a course

OER are not: eLearning or distance learning Open Access

OA // OER - buddies OA OER free, permanent, full-text, online access to scientific and scholarly works openly licensed educational content

eLearning // OER - intersection OER eLearning intersection represents open, electronic, instructional resources

creativecommonscreativecommons (flickr)

More about licenses later... Open Licenses make it all possible.

what is OER? why OER? open.michigan generate OER license use cite share group activity

benefits of OER: for faculty

recognition for their teaching publish and promote their resources connect with other collaborators extend their reach and visibility

benefits of OER: for the university

“The mission of the University of Michigan is to serve the people of Michigan and the world through preeminence in creating, communicating, preserving and applying knowledge, art, and academic values, and in developing leaders and citizens who will challenge the present and enrich the future.” University of Michigan Mission Statement,

The mission of the University of Michigan is to serve the people of Michigan and the world through preeminence in creating, communicating, preserving and applying knowledge, art, and academic values, and in developing leaders and citizens who will challenge the present and enrich the future. benefits of OER: for the university University of Michigan Mission Statement,

what is OER? why OER? open.michigan generate OER license use cite share group activity

Our mission is to help faculty, students, and staff maximize the impact of their creative and academic work by making it open and accessible to the public.

projects Open.Michigan Projects Page,

OER Open.Michigan Projects Page,

OER-Contributing faculty from: Engineering LSA Public Policy Dentistry Education Information Medicine Nursing Public Health Architecture

What does OER look like?

“This is a really good presentation. Very clear and I like your examples and excel sheet calculations. Thank you for the great lecture.” “My teacher did not explain as clear as you did.” “Thanks for this video. Very well explained and with examples.”

So, what makes these OER?

So, how do I create OER?

what is OER? why OER? open.michigan generate OER license use cite share group activity

It's easiest to create open content from the start.

Start now by making a small change in how you create your own content.

what is OER? why OER? open.michigan generate OER license use cite share group activity

“Open Licenses”

There are many types...

Non-Software Licenses: Creative Commons GNU Free Documentation License Software Licenses: GPL Apache BSD

OER *mostly* uses Creative Commons Licenses

Creative Commons

Creative Commons,

Creative Commons: licenses

Public Domain All Rights Reserved Some rights reserved: a spectrum. least restrictivemost restrictive

But...

OER Definition: “Open educational resources are educational materials and resources offered freely and openly for anyone to use and under some licenses to re- mix, improve and redistribute.” Wikipedia: OER,

OER Creative Commons: licenses X X

Some rights reserved: a spectrum for OER least restrictivemost restrictive Public Domain All Rights Reserved XX X

What does this mean for you?

Go Beyond the Classroom Enriching Scholarship 6 May 2010 Image from Andrew Scott under a Creative Commons license: BY-NC-SA Copyright © 2010 The Regents of the University of Michigan Except where otherwise noted, this work is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Share your work with the world through Open Educational Resources

what is OER? why OER? open.michigan generate OER license use cite share group activity

When possible, use only: Openly Licensed (or Public Domain) Content

Where to find openly licensed or public domain media:

what is OER? why OER? open.michigan generate OER license use cite share group activity

BY: betsyjean79 (flickr)flickr

67 add some extra information: : author name : link to content : license name : link to license

BY: betsyjean79 (flickr)flickr On Slide

OER Let’s do it right from the start. CC: BY-SA Phil McElhinney (flickr)flickr On Slide

Lady Finger Learning about Orchids phalaenopsisphalaenopsis CC:BY audreyjm529 (flickr) Phalaenopsis Lady Finger OrchidLady Finger Orchid CC:BY aussiegall (flickr) A Phalaenopsis hybrid A Phalaenopsis hybrid CC:BY-SA Zizonus (flickr) On Slide

Additional Source Information Slide 3: Janeway. Immunobiology : The Immune System in Health and Disease. Current Biology Ltd./Garland Publishing, Inc Slide 4: Spinach is Good” Center for Disease Control; Life Magazine. January 17, 1938; rejon, Slide 5: Goody Two Shoes - McLoughlin Bro's (New-York) 1888 Slide 6: Jot Powers, “Bounty Hunter”, Wikimedia Commons, CC: BY-SA EXAMPLE At the end of the presentation

what is OER? why OER? open.michigan generate OER license use Cite share group activity

what if you want to make your previous work available as OER?

what types of third-party images might you have in your content?

Artwork these images used under section 107, U.S. copyright law: fair use

Illustrations: Cartoons these images used under section 107, U.S. copyright law: fair use

Illustrations: Chemical Representations

Drawings and Diagrams some of these images used under section 107, U.S. copyright law: fair use

Charts

Graphs

Graphics some of these images used under section 107, U.S. copyright law: fair use

Scientific Images

Ads, CD/Book/Movie Covers, Screenshots some of these images used under section 107, U.S. copyright law: fair use

Photographs some of these images used under section 107, U.S. copyright law: fair use

Text: Quotes, Passages, Poems The Mesh We have come to the cross-roads And I must either leave or come with you. I lingered over the choice But in the darkness of my doubts You lifted the lamp of love And I saw in your face The road that I should take. - Kwesi Brew some of these excerpts used under section 107, U.S. copyright law: fair use

what should you do with them?

possible actions :: retain : keep the content because it is licensed under an Open license or is in the public domain :: replace : you may want to replace content that is not Openly licensed (and thus not shareable) :: remove : you may need to remove content due to privacy, endorsement or copyright concerns

What action would you recommend for this object & why? Retain: Ineligible for copyright – This is a basic graph. Data is not copyrightable. This is a basic representation of data containing no creative expression. If you and I both had this data, we could generate the same graph easily.

U.S. copyright law does not apply to: - Facts - Information - Data - Statistics - Obvious means of selecting, arranging, and organizing facts, data and information - alphabetical, geographical, order of importance or relevance, natural sequence (time, seasonal)

U.S. copyright law does not apply to: - Opinions - Ideas - Concepts - Principles - Theories - Hypothesis - Algorithms - Recipes - Descriptions and Representations of a process, procedure, function, system, method of operation

- Citations - References - Quotations - Brief excerpts - Works created by an employee of the federal government as part of official duties U.S. copyright law does not apply to:

What action would you recommend for this object & why? Retain: Public Domain Federal government documents are in the public domain.

What action(s) would you recommend for these? these images used under section 107, U.S. copyright law: fair use Replace or Remove

what is OER? why OER? open.michigan generate OER license use cite share group activity

Pop quiz

What is the distinction between OER and free educational resources? A.You do not have to pay for free resources and you may have to pay for open resources. B.Open resources are available only online and free resources can be electronic or paper. C.Open resources are free resources but free resources are not necessarily open resources. D.There is no difference between the two.

What is the relationship between eLearning and OER? A.They are names for the same thing: free online learning resources. B.All OER are eLearning resources but not all eLearning resources are OER. C.OER is openly licensed and eLearning resources may or may not be openly licensed.

What does CC BY NC SA stand for? CC = Creative Commons BY = Attribution NC = Noncommercial SA = Share Alike

Which represent the types of intellectual property? (Hint: There are 4.) A.Derivative works B.Patent C.Trade secret D.Contracts E.Torts F.Copyright G.Translation H.Encryption I.Trademark

What are the three areas of consideration in the reviewing materials before publishing them as OER? Copyright Privacy Endorsement

main policy considerations :: copyright : U.S. law grants limited exclusive rights to authors of creative works :: privacy : the protection of patient and student privacy :: endorsement : avoiding the appearance of endorsing a 3 rd party

Speaking of copyright…

What is the origin U.S. copyright (hint: think legal documents)? A. The U.S. Copyright Act of 1976 B. The Progress Clause of the U.S. Constitution C. The Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution D. The Magna Carta E. The Declaration of Independence

What is the purpose of copyright? “To promote the progress of Science and Useful Arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries.” U.S. Constitution Article I, Section 8, Clause 8 –Goal: To advance knowledge –How: Exclusive rights on creative works for limited times

True or False: In order for an object to qualify for copyright protection, it must be marked with a (C) symbol False. See: The Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988 (BCIA).

True or false: A work must be published and registered in order to be granted copyright protection. False.

Copyright rewards which of the following: A.Effort B.Ingenuity C.Creative expression D.Uniqueness E.All See Supreme Court case: Feist v. Rural (1991)

True or False: Any presentation slides that I would use in the classroom I could also publish as OER simply by posting them online. False Instructors often have content created by others in their lecture slides: scanned images from textbooks, images that they found on Google images, or slides that were created by a faculty member who taught the course during a previous semester. This is copyrighted content that you can use in the classroom but you cannot publish as OER. In order for you to publish your lecture materials as OER, you will have to review them for copyright, privacy, and endorsement issues. You must also add add open license such as Creative Commons.

Now on to some scenarios

For the next four questions, you are a professor who is creating an open educational resource. You are searching for images, articles, and presentations that you can include in your program. You come across the following educational materials. Can you use them in your OER?

A scanned photo from a textbook that says "© 1980 All rights reserved" on the cover page A.Yes B.No C.It depends See the notes page for this slide for a detailed explanation

A free, online article with no copyright notification (©) A.Yes B.No C.It depends See the notes page for this slide for a detailed explanation

An instructional video with a Creative Commons Attribution Non- commercial license A.Yes B.No C.It depends The Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial (CC BY NC) license is one of several Creative Commons licenses that may be attached to OER. This means that you can include it in your OER as long as you credit the author, do not use it for commercial purposes, and link back to the CC BY NC license.

A set of presentation slides developed by a colleague at your institution. A.Yes B.No C.It depends See the notes page for this slide for a detailed explanation

end of quiz

closing remarks

It's easiest to create open content from the start.

By making a small change in how you create your own content…

…and licensing your creations as OER…

…you can gain recognition, publish and promote your research and teaching materials, connect with collaborators, and preserve and apply knowledge.

Questions? open.umich.edu

Find more material online at Many slides in this presentation were produced in collaboration with Garin Fons, Pieter Kleymeer, Kathleen Ludewig, Greg Grossmeier, and Susan Topol.