Section 6.1 Text in Multimedia Text is an important component of most multimedia productions. It is typically combined with other media. Text can be saved in different formats for different purposes. 1

Use Text in Multimedia In multimedia, the role of text may be to inform, persuade, or entertain. The role of text in a multimedia project should always be consistent with the goals, purpose, and audience of the project. Whenever you use text in a project, you must plan what you want to say before you write it. 2

Web Pages and Online Advertisements Every Web site contains text. Text can be used to explain the site’s purpose or promote the site in some way. Type of Text Purpose Hypertext Links within the site or on the Web. Banner Ad Advertises a product or service. E-mail and Text Marketing Encourages repeat business; solicits new customers.

Use Text in Multimedia Text is used for many things in games and applications. Most computer-based training relies on text to deliver lessons, exercises, tests, and user feedback. Multimedia presentations often include text on a projection screen or interactive media. The text used in a kiosk presentation is usually integrated with other media.

Use Text in Multimedia What are eight types of multimedia projects that may use text? Eight types of multimedia projects that may use text are Web sites, banner ads, e-marketing, mobile applications, mobile games, computer-based training, multimedia presentations, and kiosks.

Software for Working with Text You might use the following types of programs to develop text for a multimedia project: The following slide provides details about each type of program. Word processing Video editing Text editing Optical character recognition (OCR) Web design Desktop publishing Presentation Multimedia authoring Graphics editing

Software for Working with Text Type of Program Files Applications Word Processing Documents Word Text Editing Text WordPad Web Design Web pages Dreamweaver Desktop Publishing Composite Publisher Presentation Slideshows PowerPoint Multimedia Authoring CBT Director Graphics Editing Images Photoshop Video Editing Video Movie Maker OCR Digital Text Scanner

Software for Working with Text What are two popular desktop publishing programs? Two popular desktop publishing programs are Microsoft Office Publisher and Adobe InDesign®. 8

Text File Formats File format determines which programs can open a file. The chart at the right outlines text file formats, their uses, and their accessibility.

Text File Formats What does PDF stand for? PDF stands for “portable document format.”

Section 6.2 Work with Text The way text is formatted contributes to its readability and impact in multimedia. Understanding the technology behind fonts helps you select and manage them effectively. 11

Typography and Fonts Typography is the style, arrangement, and appearance of text and plays a role in how text communicates the message of a multimedia production. A font is a design for an alphabet and is classified in the two following ways: Serif fonts have additional lines or curves on the ends of letters; easier to read; used for printed text. Sans serif fonts clean fonts commonly used in online multimedia projects. 12

Edit and Manage Fonts Font substitutions can cause problems on Web pages. To avoid these problems: Use a font manager, such as Extensis® Suitcase Fusion. Make sure the fonts you use work across platforms. A font editor, such as FontLab Fontographer™, provides tools for making changes to fonts. 13

Typography and Fonts What is the difference between a font editor and a font manager? A font editor provides tools for making changes to fonts. A font manager organizes all the fonts on a computer system. 14

Format Text for Readability Readable text is formatted with the purpose, audience, and goals for the multimedia project in mind. Color Special Effects Size Style Text Wrapping Alignment 15

Format Text for Readability A typical multimedia production uses fonts as several point sizes: The title or heading is usually the largest, 18-72 points. The next level of heading is usually two sizes smaller than the main heading. Body text is at least two sizes smaller than headings, 10-12 points. Modify the size, style, and color of the font to convey meaning. 16

Format Text for Readability Special Formatting and Effects Desktop publishing software allows you to create special formats. Use these formats in a manner that keeps text readable. You can use outline, shadow, and perspective to add interest and draw attention to text. Limit special effects to portions of the text you want users to read immediately. Outline Shadow Perspective 17

Format Text for Readability Align, Space, and Wrap Text Text can be left-aligned, centered, right-aligned, or justified; left-aligned is the easiest to read. You can choose how much space appears between lines and paragraphs and between individual characters to make text smoother and more readable. Wrap text to flow around graphics in a multimedia production. 18

Format Text for Readability Follow these guidelines when formatting text: Provide good contrast. Use increased point size to emphasize information. Use an appropriate amount of text on-screen to avoid scrolling. Use serif and sans-serif fonts appropriately. 19

Format Text for Readability How does the contrast between text and background affect readability? Some text colors show up poorly against certain backgrounds making readability difficult. 20

Section 7.1 Graphics in Multimedia Graphics help contribute to the meaning and impact of multimedia. Programs make creating and editing graphics even easy for a novice. 21

Using Graphics in Multimedia Graphics convey information quickly in a way that can be understood by many people and are often used in the following ways: To advertise a product. To clarify information. To promote a name brand. To convey an idea or illustrate a concept. To demonstrate a process or procedure. To add visual interest or entertain viewers. To grab the viewer’s attention. 22

Find Graphics on the Internet Online sources of graphics files include stock image sites and Clip Art providers. Stock Image Sites Clip Art Providers Providers include Corbis and iStock. Providers include Microsoft Office Online. Stock photos are often royalty-free. Images are offered for free. Other images require a fee depending on intended use. 23

Use Graphics Appropriately Use the checklist below to help you analyze the use of graphics in your multimedia project. Also keep in mind accessibility guidelines. 24

Using Graphics in Multimedia List three ways graphics can be used in multimedia projects. The ways graphics can be used in multimedia projects include to advertise a product, clarify information, promote a brand, convey an idea or illustrate a concept, demonstrate a process or procedure, add visual interest or entertain viewers, or grab the viewer’s interest.

Types of Graphics Raster Graphics How is it made? Pixels Other names Bitmapped graphic, bitmap Examples Continuous-tone images, photo-realistic images Tips for use Lose clarity when reduced. Good for complex images. Large file = large download. Software programs Photoshop®, PaintPro®, Paint Capabilities Edit individual pixels or large areas, draw new illustrations 26

Types of Graphics Vector Graphics How is it made? Image drawn in lines, curves, and shapes Examples Logos reproduced in many sizes Tips for use Easily resized. Small file size. Not good for photographs. Software programs Illustrator®, Draw®, Visio® Capabilities Create artistic and technical illustrations, logos, charts. 27

Graphic File Formats Resolution is a key factor in choosing a file format. The higher the resolution, the crisper the image. Higher resolution means larger file size, which means longer download time. The best file format is determined by how it will be used. Standard image formats for the Web are the GIF and the JPEG. The TIFF, which has a higher resolution, is a better choice for print products. 28

Graphic File Formats What is the difference between a native file format and a standard image format? A native file format is specific to the software used to create the file. A standard image format is a format supported by most graphics applications. 29

Lossy vs. Lossless Compression File Compression You must weigh the advantages and disadvantages below for choosing how to compress graphics. Lossy vs. Lossless Compression Type of Compression Sample File Formats Use when… Lossy JPEG A smaller file is required. Image quality is not as important. Lossless GIF, TIFF A larger file is acceptable. Image quality is very important. 30

File Compression What are lossy and lossless compression schemes? Lossy compression reduces file size significantly but loses some data and image quality in the process. With lossless compression the graphic does not lose data, or detail, when it is compressed. 31

Edit Graphics Graphics editing programs let you adjust the size, color, texture, and other attributes of graphics. Tools in graphics editing software programs let you accomplish specific tasks, such as transforming, drawing, or focusing an image. Many programs have tools that allow you to create dramatic effects including 3-D effects. The more complex the software, the more tools and features will be included for you to transform your project. 32

Edit Graphics What does it mean to crop, resize, and rotate a graphic? Cropping is eliminating unwanted parts of an image from the top, sides, or bottom. Resizing a graphic is changing the height and width of an image to be larger or smaller. Rotating a graphic is changing the angle at which the image is displayed. 33

Section 7.2 Animation in Multimedia Animation can deliver a big impact in a multimedia production. Understanding how animation is formatted and created helps you integrate it effectively into multimedia. 34

Use Animation in Multimedia Animation might play various roles in multimedia, including telling a story, entertaining, advertising, illustrating a concept, demonstrating a process, adding visual interest, or grabbing attention. When using animation in multimedia projects, keep in mind the following guidelines: Obtain permission to use animation files. Follow the terms and conditions of use. Animation has a purpose and is not distracting. 35

Use Animation in Multimedia Name three roles of animation in multimedia. Animation might play various roles in multimedia, including telling a story, entertaining, advertising, illustrating a concept, demonstrating a process, adding visual interest, and grabbing the viewer’s attention. 36

Two-Dimensional Animation Types of Animation Two-Dimensional Animation Two-dimensional animation has the flat look of paper and has the following characteristics. Height Width Can use raster graphics Can use vector graphics Also called vector or path animation Defines movement by formulas Used on the Web because it loads quickly

Three-Dimensional Animation Two-dimensional animation seems to bring inanimate objects to life and has the following characteristics. Height Developed by modeling, animating, and rendering Depth Width Also called computer generated imagery (CGI) Used in video games, movies, and special effects

Types of Animation Dimension Software Uses and Features File Formats Two Adobe Flash® and Director®, Microsoft PowerPoint Movies, simple animation for the Web, simple movement for text and graphics GIF, SWF, and FLA Three Autodesk Maya® and 3ds Max®, Maxon Cinema 4D Rotate or bounce an object, zoom in or out of a scene, fade text or graphics in or out SWF, AVI, FLV, and MOV

Types of Animation Which type of animation is developed with width, height, and depth? The type of animation developed with width, height, and depth is three-dimensional animation.

Edit Animation Although 2D and 3D animation are created using different types of images, both are edited using the same techniques of frame-by-frame and tweening. The quality of frame-by-frame animation depends on quickly the frames are changed. Tweening automatically generates in-between frames to give the appearance of a smooth transition between two keyframes.

Edit Animation How does the technique of tweening create the illusion of motion? Tweening generates transitional frames between two keyframes. These transitional frames blend with the keyframes so that one appears to change into the next. 42