Ling Wu, Ph.D. Computational Social Science Lab, Kent State University, U.S. & College of Criminal Justice, Zhongnan University of Economics & Law, China 1

Adjunct professor, Computational Social Science Lab, Kent State University, U.S. Associate professor, College of Criminal Justice, Zhongnan University of Economics & Law, China Ph.D. Criminal Justice, Sam Houston State University, U.S. (2012) LL.M. International & Comparative Law, Uppsala University, Sweden M.A. Legal Philosophy, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, China Exchange graduate study, Criminal Justice, San Diego State University, U.S. LL.B. Law, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, China 2

Main research areas: Environmental criminology Crime analysis and prevention Policing Other research areas: Legal research in criminal justice Criminal justice education Death penalty 3

Co-PI, Ministry of Public Security of China. National Key Project Program (with State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, China). RMB 1,600,000 (about $ 261,200) PI, Department of Education of Hubei Province, China. Chutian Scholars Program. RMB 250,000 (about $ 41,000) Co-PI, Ministry of Science and Technology of China. National Key Technology Support Program 2012BAH35B03 (with State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, China). RMB 10,000,000 (about $ 1,632,250) PI, Ministry of Education of China. Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities JC030. RMB 30,000 (about $ 5,000) PI, University Research Center Program. Ministry of Education of China. Technology Improvement Project , RMB 30,000 (about $ 5,000) Summer Research Fellowship, College of Criminal Justice, Sam Houston State University, USA. $6, Summer Research Fellowship, College of Criminal Justice, Sam Houston State University, USA. $6,000. 4

 Study crime and policing behavior at different space-time scales  Examine crime patterns and mechanisms  Integrate theory, methods, and application 5

1. Temporal analysis of crime trend 2. Spatial analysis of crime and policing implementation 2.1 spatial analysis of crime pattern 2.2 hot spots policing research 3. Space-time analysis of crime and policing dynamics 3.1 repeat and near-repeat analysis 3.2 space-time interaction analysis 3.3 policing effect on near-repeat crime 3.4 cross-event space-time analysis 3.5 space-time chain analysis of crime 4. Regression analysis considering social and environmental factors 4.1 spatial panel regression 4.2 street network and Poisson regression 6

Wuhan, China (2013 Census): million people 8,494 km 2 land area 1,203 persons/ km 2 Houston, U.S. (2013 Census): 2.19 million people 1,553 km 2 land area 1,431 persons/ km 2

Time-series analysis of burglary data in Wuhan, China (Exponential Smoothing) Black: average Red:2010 Green: 2011 Burglary Time (Day) Number of events 8

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2. Spatial analysis of crime and policing implementation 10

Kernel density estimation of burglaries in Wuhan,

Texas Major City Research Initiative focuses on comparative data analysis and evaluation of crime reduction interventions among “Big Six” police agencies in Texas. Texas Major City Research Initiative  Houston enhanced action patrol: Examining the effects of differential deployment lengths with a switched replication design. Justice Quarterly,  The effects of gun possession arrests made by a proactive police patrol unit. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management,  Dallas’ disruption unit: Efficacy of hot spots deployment. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management,  Geographic information system effects on policing efficacy: A systematic review. International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research,

Houston Example: The study used a switched replication design with repeated interventions in order to determine the dosage and duration necessary to achieve reasonable crime reduction by rotating directed patrol units. 13

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 The analysis examines patterns of gun assaults at the city-level as well as more localized levels in order to understand the spatial distribution of near-repeats with in the city.  Publication: Patterns of near-repeat gun assaults in Houston. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency,

Shenandoah, TX has been experiencing a fast growing economy and annexation process. Auto burglary is a rising concern for small cities that rely highly on revenues from malls and shopping. The research describes the temporal trends of auto burglary offenses and compare hot spots of auto burglary offenses in different time periods.  Publication: Space-time analysis of auto burglary patterns in a fast-growing small city. International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research,

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 Publication: Space-time interaction of residential burglaries in Wuhan, China. Applied Geography,

 Publication: Space-time interaction of residential burglaries in Wuhan, China. Applied Geography,

 Publication: Proactive policing effects on repeat and near-repeat shootings in Houston. Police Quarterly,

 We developed AB Calculator Toolbox to study the cross-event space-time interaction, such as that between burglary and auto-theft and that between crime and policing behaviors.  Publication: Deterrence or escalation: A micro-level analysis of firearm arrests’ effects on gun violence in Houston, Texas. Paper under review.  Publication: Police response to repeat and near-repeat shootings in Houston, Texas. Paper under review. 21

Near repeat burglary chains: describing the physical and network properties of a network of close burglary pairs. Dr. Michael Townsley, Griffith University  Publication: Physical and network properties of a network of crime events: Computation and implementation in policing practices. Paper under writing. 22

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4. Regression analysis considering social and environmental factors 24

It integrates space and time in testing Social Disorganization Theory by examining relationship between homicide rate and socioeconomic factors at community area level in Chicago,  Publication: Analyzing the dynamics of homicide patterns in Chicago: ESDA and spatial panel approaches. Applied Geography,

It examines residential burglaries at the street segment level with considerable variation in street network configuration and socioeconomic factors.  Street permeability and residential burglaries in urban China. Applied Geography,

 Publication: A comparison of criminal justice education between U.S. and China: An analysis of faculty’s characteristics. Theoretic Observation,  Publication: Visualizing research domains of criminology and criminal justice in U.S. Higher Education Review,  Publication: The constitutionality of police strip searches in U.S. Journal of Comparative Law,  Publication: A framework of quantitative research on judicial decisions: A study of strip search lawsuits in U.S. (under review)  Publication: The policy and practice of death penalty without immediate execution in U.S. and China. Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition,  Publication: The role of social media in the discussion of wrongful executions in China. (under writing)  Publication: Lethal injection policy and practice in U.S. and China: A comparative perspective. (under writing)  Publication: Gender and victimizations in public space: An integrative theoretical perspective. Human Geography,

 Predictive policing (e.g. PredPol software)PredPol  PredPol’s cloud-based software provides each law enforcement agency with customized crime predictions for the places and times that crimes are most likely to occur. PredPol automatically 500*500 feet boxes for each shift of each day. 28

 Dr. William Wells, Sam Houston State University  Dr. Larry Hoover, Sam Houston State University  Dr. Michael Vaughn,, Sam Houston State University  Dr. Xinyan Zhu, Wuhan University, China  Dr. Xinyue Ye, Kent State University 29

 Police Research Center, SHSU, TX  Law Enforcement Management Institute of Texas, TX  Crime Victims’ Institute of Texas, TX  Institute for Legal Studies in Criminal Justice, SHSU, TX  Houston Police Department, TX  Dallas Police Department, TX  Shenandoah Police Department, TX  Wuhan City Police Department, China  State Key Lab of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, China  Wuhan Prosecutor’s Office, China  Terrorism Research Center, ZUEL & Xinjiang Police College, China 30

Thanks! 31