Energy

Hydrocarbons are fuel  Hydrocarbons (compounds with C and H) have energetic bonds.  They can react with oxygen to release energy.  These reactions are called COMBUSTION.  Combustion reactions look like this: C x H y + O 2  CO 2 +H 2 O+ energy

Hydrocarbons - numbers  C and H  Named by number of carbon atoms and type of bonds. 1. C = meth6. C = hex 2. C = eth7. C = hept 3. C = prop8. C = oct 4. C = but9. C = non 5. C = pent10. C = dec

Organic Chemistry - bonds  If all bonds are single, compound ends in – ane  Formula will be C n H 2n+2  If one is double, compound ends in –ene  Formula will be C n H 2n  If one is triple, compound ends in –yne  Formula will be C n H 2n-2  ACK! That’s too much! What do I really need to know?

KNOW this  Methane is CH 4 (natural gas)  Octane is C 8 H 18 (gasoline)  Coal is mostly just C (but contains some H, O, S, N, and trace elements)  Trace elements include Hg, Pb, Se, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Sb, Se

 Coal combustion:  C +O 2  CO 2

Fractional distillation separates components based on boiling point.

Alternative Fuels  brainstorm

World vs US

Alternative sources of hydrocarbons  Hydraulic fracturing  Oil shales, oil sands  Methane hydrates in ocean bottom

Using less energy  Cogeneration  Green roofs, straw bale houses  Energy efficient lighting  Insulation

Using solar energy  Active solar home heating  Passive solar home heating  Solar cookers  Photovoltaic cells

 3NtND68 (solar lights) 3NtND68  XrpRlTU (solar water heating) XrpRlTU

Other sources  Wind  Tidal/wave energy  Hydroelectric  Biofuels  Geothermal  Hydrogen