Family health risk

outline 1-Objectives 2-Definition of family and health risks 3- Early approaches to family health risks 4-Concepts in family health risk 5-Family health risks 6-Empowering families 7-nursing intervention 8-conclusion & summary 9-Article 10-Refernces

objective Objectives upon completion of this seminar the student will be able to: -Identify the definition of health risks -recognize approaches to family health risks -Identify concept in family health risk -recognize major health risks -explain what's nursing interventions -article

FAMILY Social system of two or more people Define themselves as a family Share bonds of emotional closeness family include environment and individuals

health risk Health risks Any factor that increases the chance of disease or injury. Pender(2002) identified six categories of risk factor: 1-genetics. 2- age 3- biological characteristics 4-personal health habits 5- lifestyle 6-enviroment

Early approaches to family health risks : 1-health of families “Litman” pointed out the important role that the family plays in health and illness and emphasized that the relationship between health, health behavior and family “is highly dynamic one in which each may have a dramatic effect on other

Early approaches to family health risks : 2-Health of the nation * Population focused classic study demonstrated relationships between seven lifestyle habits and decreased morbidity and mortality. These habits were : 1-sleeping 7- 8 hours daily. 2- eating breakfast almost every day 3-never or rarely eating between meals 4-being at or near recommended height adjusted weight 5- never smoking cigarettes 6- moderate or no use of alcohol 7- regular physical activity

Concepts in family health risk Understanding family health risk requires an examination of several related concepts: 1-family health 2-family health risks 3-Risk appraisal 4-Risk reduction 5-Life event 6-Life style 7-Family crisis

” Concepts in family health risk (Family health) Is defined in terms of system stability as characterized by five interacting factors: *physiologic *psychological *socio cultural *developmental *spiritual

Concepts in family health risk “Family crisis” - Occurs when family faces a seemingly-insolvable problem or when the family is not able to cope with an event and becomes disorganized or dysfunctional .

Con’t family crisis Differentiate between family resources and family coping strategies: -if family were to experience an unexpected illness in the primary wage earner ,family resources might include financial assistance from relative or emotional support. -family coping strategies include the family was able to ask a relative to loan them emergency funds or was able to talk with relatives about the worries they were experiencing.

Concepts in family health risk “Family health risk appraisal” assessment of family health risk requires many approaches and must to get know : Family Strengths Their needs

Family health risks : Biological and age –related risk Environment risk Behavioral risk (life style)

Biological and age –related risk The family plays in important role in both development and the management of a diseases or condition . Several illness have a family component that can be accounted for by either genetics or lifestyle pattern . Example : cardiovascular dieses can several generation of a family Hypertension , diabetes millets

Biological and age –related risk Life- event risks : often occur during transition from one development stage to another Transition present new situation and demands for families. these experience often require that family change behaviors schedules and pattern of communication make new decisions

Life event How well prepared families are to deal with transition depends on the nature of the event The event divided to : **Normative **Non- normative

Normative event The kind of anticipatory preparation can increase the family coping ability and less stress and negative outcomes Birth new baby Moving out of the home to go school or work

Non – normative event Is unexpected and families have littlie or no time to prepare and the outcome can be increase stress and crisis or dysfunction. Examples : **Major illness **Divorce **Death

Biological health risk assessment: 1-Genogram is a drawing that shows the family unit of immediate interest and includes several generation using series of circles ,squares, and connecting lines Basic information about the family , relationship in the family and pattern of health and illness

Biological health risk assessment: 2- more intensive and quantitative assessment of a family biological risks can be achieved through the use of a standard family risk assessment

Biological health risk assessment: 3- normative and no normative life events pose potential risks to the health of families Community level support groups have been successful in assisting families in dealing with verity of stressful situation and crisis (e.g., bereaved parents , parents and friends of lesbian and gay person )

Environment risk Social risks = living in high – crime neighborhoods, in communities without adequate recreation or health resources in communities that have major noise pollution or in the high stress environment *If adequate resources and coping process are not available breakdown in health occur .

Environment risk Environment risk economic risk : which is related to social risk is determined by the relationship between family financial resources and the demand on those resources . Having adequate financial resources means that is family is to able buy the necessary commodities related to health ( housing ,food , education , health or illness care)

Environment risk assessment Assessment of environment health risk is less well defined and developed information on relationships that family with other such as relatives , neighbors Their connection with the other social units (e.g , school , work , clubs .organization .

Environment risk assessment Ecomap represent the family interactions with other groups and organizational accomplished using a series of circles and lines .

Behavioral (life style ) The pattern of personal health habits and behavioral risk defines individual and family lifestyle risk. General guidelines include eating variety of foods , maintaining healthy weight , choosing diet low In fat and cholesterol limiting use sugar and salt . Regular physical activity is effective promoting and maintaining health and prevent disease Substance abuse and tobacco use are most causes in death in united state

Behavioral health risk assessment A number of tools exist for assessing individuals lifestyle risks but few are available for assessing family life style patterns One approach is to identify family patterns for each of lifestyle component In the areas of health promotion ,health protection, and preventing services lifestyle can be assessed in several dimension . From the literature on health behavior research

Cont assessment Its important to assess the frequency , intensity and regularity of specific behaviors is also important to evaluate the resource available to the family for implementing the behaviors' .

Empowering families *approaches for helping individuals and families assumes an active role in their health care characteristics of empowered family seeking help: 1-access and control over needed resources 2-decision-making and problem solving abilities 3-the ability to communicate and to obtain needs resources

Con’t empowerment Outcomes of empowerment: 1-positive self-esteem 2-ability to set and reach goals 3-sence of control over life and change processes 4-sence of hope for the future

WHY NURSES WORK WITH FAMILIES To reduce the factors that damage health. To enhance good health and well being. To strengthen self-care and coping.

WHAT DO NURSES OFFER TO FAMILIES Health promotion. Disease prevention and early detection. Home care.

NURSING INTERVENTIONS Primary prevention-aggregate level Advocate Environmental protection Social justice Availability of health promotion and illness prevention services Teach coping skills 33

NURSING INTERVENTIONS Health promotion and protection Educate family members Safety Nutrition Physical activity/rest Illness prevention Teaching effective hygiene Referring for immunizations 34

Summary family include individual and environment nursing many risks intervention many risks involved family Summary empowering family

conclusion because the family basic unit in our community the nursing role very important in primary , secondary , and tertiary intervention to promote Health prevent Disease.

FAMILY HOME VISITING OUTCOMES FOR LATINA MOTHERS WITH AND WITHOUT MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS Abstract: Objective: To evaluate outcomes of a public health nursing family home visiting (FHV) intervention for Latina mothers with and without mental health problems. Design and Sample: Retrospective cohort analysis of de-identified FHV data. Latina clients served by public health nurses (PHNS) in an urban Midwest public health agency (2007-2010). Of the 680 clients there were 158 with mental health problems (n = 30, 14-17 year olds; n = 128, 18-52 year olds) and 522 without mental health problems (n = 100, 14-17 year olds; n = 422, 18-52 year olds). Measures: Client age, number of problems, number of visits, length of service, presence of mental health problem, and Omaha System knowledge, behavior, and status scores for all client problems. Analysis included general linear mixed models adjusted for co-variables (i.e., age, comorbidities).

Results: All groups improved knowledge, behavior, and status Results: All groups improved knowledge, behavior, and status. Knowledge improvement was not significantly different across groups. Behavior improved more among adults with mental health problems (p = .013). Status improved more among adolescents with mental health problems (p = .012). Conclusions: Latina mothers, particularly those with mental health problems, improve after PHN FHV services. Further study should examine intervention patterns associated with these outcomes, and seek explanations for differences in outcomes. (© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

References: www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0137.htm www.colorado.edu/.../CognitionBangladesh_Dec_2008 www.community.nsw.gov.au/.../research_parentalmenta National Council on Family Relations