Theresa Bell, Writing Centre Coordinator, RRU Introduction to APA style © Royal Roads University, 2013

Spacing and indentation Double-space body text, including block quotations and references Indent first line of a new paragraph by one tab space Indent entire block quotation (quotation of 40+ words) by one tab space from left margin Margins 2.5cms/1” on all sides Page number Must appear in the top right corner of every page except for the title page Formatting 2

Quotations of 39 words or fewer should continue on the same line as the rest of the text, and quotation marks should appear at the beginning and end of the quoted text. The in-text citation should appear after the closing quotation mark, but before the period. For example, “I quoted this text” (Author, year, p. 4). Inline quotations 3

Quotations of 40+ words should be formatted as block quotations. Begin the quotation on a separate line, indent the entire quotation 1 tab space, do not use quotation marks, and the in-text citation follows after the closing punctuation. For example: Please pretend this is a quotation of 40+ words, and note that the first line is not indented. (Author, year, p. 4) Block quotations 4

1.Appear in round brackets after the quoted or paraphrased text 2.Include the author’s last name, the date of publication/copyright, and the location reference For example: (Johnson, 2010, p. 4) or (Royal Roads University, 2010, para. 5) In-text citations 5

Provide the author's name and date of publication in the text, so only the page reference is required after the quotation. Example: According to the American Psychological Association (APA)(2010), “references in APA publications are cited in text with an author-date citation system” (p. 174). In-text citations 6

Make no mention of the author's name or the date of publication in the text, so all citation information is included in the citation. Example: Remember that, “references in APA publications are cited in text with an author-date citation system and are listed alphabetically in the text” (American Psychological Association (APA), 2010, p. 174). In-Text Citation Format In-text citations 7

A.(James, 2010, 4) B.(Royal Roads University, 2010, p. 4) C.(James, 2010, page 4) D.(RRU, p. 4) Choose the Correct Citation Choose the correct citation: 8

Personal communications may be private letters, memo, some electronic communications (e.g., e- mail or message from nonarchived discussion groups or electronic bulletin boards), personal interviews, telephone conversations…. Because they do not provide recoverable data…cite personal communications in text only. (APA, 2010, p. 179) Personal Communication Personal communication 9

To cite the resource, "give the initials as well as the surname of the communicator, and provide as exact a date as possible" (p. 179). C. Hare (personal communication, March 31, 2010) stated that, “learning APA style doesn’t have to be painful.” In conclusion, “learning APA style doesn’t have to be painful”(C. Hare, personal communication, March 31, 2010). Personal Communication Personal communication 10

Use the format for ‘personal communication to cite: A.Materials posted on a password-protected course website B.Internal corporate documents that will not be released to the public C.Interviews that don’t have published transcripts D.All of the above Quiz: Using ‘personal communication’ Quiz: Using personal communication 11

“Use secondary sources sparingly, for instance, when the original work is out of print, unavailable through usual sources, or not available in English” (p. 178). Cite the text where you found the information: “Souper (as cited in Green, 1999) noted that…”. In the reference list, list the author of the secondary text that you read. Using the example above, Green’s text would appear in the references. Secondary source citations 12

“References cited in text must appear in the reference list, and each entry in the reference list must be cited in text” (p. 174). List references alphabetically by the first author’s last name References should have a 1.27 cm/0.5 inch hanging indent on the second and subsequent lines Double-space the references The Reference List References 13

1.Periodical “Items published on a regular basis such as journals, magazines, newspapers, and newsletters”(p. 198). 2.Nonperiodical Items published separately: books, reports, brochures, manuals, and AV media. Basic Forms Basic forms 14

Author, A., & Author, B. (Date). Title of article. Title of Periodical, xx(x), xxx-xxx. doi: xxxxxxxxxx Italicize the title of the periodical and use title case Provide page range without “p.”. Initials only for authors’ first names Hanging indent 0.5” Italicize volume number (not issue number, nor the brackets around it). Use sentence case for article title Use ampersand, not “and” Use the DOI as locator information. Date format: Year, Month day Electronic periodical article 15

Godfrey, D. (2005). Adapting historical citations to APA style. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 49(4), doi: /s jobem4904_15 In-text citation: (Godfrey, 2005, p. 546) Electronic Article With DOI Electronic journal article with DOI 16

Gemmell, R. (2008). Encouraging student voice in academic writing. English Journal, 98(2), Retrieved from the Academic Search Premier database. In-text citation: (Gemmell, 2008, p. 65) Article From Electronic Database Electronic journal article without DOI 17 Name specific database where resource was retrieved (e. g., not EBSCOhost, ProQuest)

Author, A. C. (Date). Title of work. Location: Publisher Name. Author, A. (Date). Title of work. doi: xxxxxxxxxxx Author, A. (Date). Title of work. Retrieved from Ebrary ebooks database. In-text citation: (Lastname, year, p. 4) or (Lastname, year, para. 4). See for more information on citing ebooks. Nonperiodical: Book Italicize title of book and use sentence case. Note city and state abbreviation unless city is outside US. Use city and country for non-American cities. Non-periodical: book vs. e-book 18

American Psychological Association. (n.d.). APA style ®. Retrieved from First in-text citation: (American Psychological Association (APA), n.d., Learning APA section, para. 2) Subsequent in-text citation: (APA, n.d., Learning APA section, para. 4) Website Website content with no publication date 19 No closing punctuation after URL and no hyperlink Retrieval date unnecessary if working with the final version of resource.

Madigan, R, Linton, P. & Johnson, S.(June, 1996). APA Style: Quo Vadis?. American Psychologist, 51 (2), pp Retrieved October 2, 2012, from EBSCOhost. What’s wrong with this reference? 20

Madigan, R, Linton, P. & Johnson, S.(June, 1996). APA Style: Quo Vadis?. American psychologist, 51 (2), pp Retrieved October 2, 2012, from EBSCOhost. What’s wrong with this reference Single-spaced; no hanging indentJournal title is in sentence case and isn’t italicized Missing period after “R”Unnecessary space between journal and issue numbers Missing comma after “P.”Issue number isn’t italicized Missing space after “S.”“pp.” isn’t necessary Date is backwards; month isn’t necessary Retrieval date not required for materials in their final form Article title is in title case and italicized“EBSCOhost”: Missing name of the specific database where the resource was retrieved

Madigan, R., Linton, P., & Johnson, S. (1996). APA style: Quo vadis?. American Psychologist, 51(2), Retrieved from PsycARTICLES. Corrected reference

 APA6 section of Writing Centre website APA (6 th edition)help guide Formatting overview “APA Exposed” tutorial  Citing Canadian statutes, cases, and legislation Canadian Guide to Uniform Legal Citation, 7 th ed. (print copy on reserve in Library)  Citing Statistics Canada materials APA Resources Citation resources 23

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