Advanced Lesson 2: Advanced Data Analysis A PivotTable is a sophisticated tool that creates a concise report summarizing large amounts of data based on ranges you select. The data in a PivotTable can then generate, or create, a PivotChart.

Advanced Lesson 2: Advanced Data Analysis You can use database functions to analyze and modify data. A database function is a formula that acts on only those items that meet certain criteria or conditions. Each of those items is called an argument. To modify text with a formula, you can use the UPPER function to make the text uppercase, the LOWER function to change text to lowercase, or the PROPER function to make only the first letter uppercase. Ex: =LOWER(A3)

Advanced Lesson 2: Advanced Data Analysis The SUBSTITUTE function allows you to substitute one word for another quickly. You can use formulas to change the content of your worksheets. Ex. =SUBSTITUTE(C2:C13, “ADV-”, “”), which means copy C2:C13, but remove the ADV- from it.

Advanced Lesson 2: Advanced Data Analysis You can perform a What-If Analysis to test possible outcomes. Excel allows you to create What-If scenarios for each for each possible situation so that you can compare the scenarios and make a decision. A scenario is a version of your data that you save and name. What-If scenarios are useful If some values in your worksheet cannot change but others can. For example, if you have a budget that contains nine advertising options, you can change the values of each option without changing the budget total.

Advanced Lesson 2: Advanced Data Analysis Excel includes several extra features, called add-ins, that can be installed as needed. The Solver add-in changes one or more cells to find a solution based on criteria that you set. You can change the values so that a percentage of expenses are spent on a particular item. You can also set the constraint, or limit, that the total cannot exceed.

Advanced Lesson 2: Advanced Data Analysis In Excel, the SUMIF, or SUM and IF, function, adds all numbers in a range of cells, based on given criteria (or multiple conditions) Ex: You can find the sum of the advertising methods that cost less than $500.

Advanced Lesson 2: Advanced Data Analysis The COUNTIF function is a formula that counts the number of cells within a range that meet a given criteria (or multiple criteria) Ex: a business can use the COUNTIFS function to count the number of times its sales personnel exceed a sales quota or sales goal.

Advanced Lesson 2: Advanced Data Analysis The AVERAGEIF function returns the average of all the cells in a range that meet a given set of criteria (or multiple criteria) Ex: You may want to find the average of the advertising methods that cost less than $500 and/or to find the average of the low-budget methods that account for greater than 5% of the total cost spent on advertising in June but less than 4% of the total cost spent on advertising in July.

Advanced Lesson 2: Advanced Data Analysis Conditional logic tests whether statements are true or false and makes logical comparisons between outcomes. You can use the AND, OR, NOT, and IF functions to specify what should happen if a cell has one value rather than another.

Advanced Lesson 2: Advanced Data Analysis FunctionMeaning AND Excel returns a TRUE result if both criteria are met. A FALSE result is returned if one or both of the criteria are not met. (126 >100 AND < 150 = TRUE). ORExcel returns a TRUE result if one of the criteria is met. It returns a FALSE result if neither or both of the criteria are met. (126 is > 100 OR 99 is < 150 = TRUE). NOTExcel returns a TRUE result if data does not meet specified criteria and a FALSE result if it does meet specified criteria. (All data that is NOT < 1 = TRUE). IFExcel determines whether criteria are met. If so, then it returns a specified result. If criteria are not met, it returns a different result. (IF a quantity is > 100, THEN Excel inserts a specified word or symbol into the cell).

Advanced Lesson 2: Advanced Data Analysis You may want to view or print all the formulas on a worksheet to check for errors, or you may want to hide formulas for security or privacy. To do this press CTRL and `

Advanced Lesson 2: Advanced Data Analysis LOOKUP functions allow you to locate, or find, a value in a table. HLOOKUP looks for a value in the top row. VLOOKUP looks for a value in the left column. When you use LOOKUP functions, you must specify three arguments: the value you are looking for, the LOOKUP table, and the row or column in the LOOKUP table that contains the value.