Mother Board MOTHER BOARD Holds CPU, memory, PCI bays, etc

MOTHER BOARD Modern motherboards include, at a minimum: Mother Board Sockets in which one or more processors are installed Slots into which the system's main memory is installed (typically in the form of DIMM modules containing DRAM chips) A chipset which forms an interface between the CPU's front-side bus, main memory, and peripheral buses Non-volatile memory chips (usually Flash ROM in modern motherboards) containing the system's firmware or BIOS A clock generator which produces the system clock signal to synchronize the various components Slots for expansion cards (these interface to the system via the buses supported by the chipset) Power connectors, which receive electrical power from the computer power supply and distribute it to the CPU, chipset, main memory, and expansion cards

MOTHER BOARD Mother Board Connectors to support commonly-used input devices, such as PS/2 connectors for a mouse and keyboard. Minimal peripheral support on the motherboard. Typically video and network interface hardware is also integrated into the motherboard I/O ports like Serial, Parallel and USB and their associated driver chips Disk controller, typically SATA disk controller, for Hard Disk and CD/DVD Drives Given the high thermal design power of high-speed computer CPUs and components, modern motherboards nearly always include heat sinks and mounting points for fans to dissipate excess heat.

CD/DVD Drive CD (Compact Disk) DVD (Digital Video Disk) Blu Ray CD/DVD Capacity is 700 to 800 MB Optical storage device. Data is read from CD by a laser. Stores data as light and dark spots on the disk surface. They have an unlimited life-span. RO, R & RW CDs I/O Rate is Nx where 1x is 150KB/s, Read & Write speeds are not same, upto 52x speeds available DVD  (Digital Video Disk) 4.7 GB RO, R & RW DVDs I/O Rate is Nx where 1x is 1.35MB/s, Read & Write speeds are not same, upto 20x speeds available Blu Ray Upto 50 GB User Blue Laser

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Adaptors (Expansion Cards) Adapters Adaptors (Expansion Cards) Use PCI Bus - Peripheral Components Interconnect (32 /64bit, Data Transfer Rate: 133 MB/s) Mini PCI – used in laptops, 32 Bit, 33 MHz PCI Express – Replacing PCI, 32/64 Bit, Data Transfer Rate: 8 GB/s Adapters (Often Integrated on Motherboard) Video Sound Network Interface Card (NIC) Modem TV Tuner

Power Supply SMPS (Switched Mode Power Supply) AC mains input is converted to DC voltage which feeds the Motherboard, drives and other devices. ATX (Advanced Technology Extended) Generally 90 - 250 watts

DISPAY CRT ( Cathode Ray Tube) LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) Electron Gun & Florescent Screen Single Gun for Monochrome and 3 Guns for Colour Screen LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) About blocking light when not needed TFT LCD (Thin Film Transistor LCD) 19” in Desktop and 15” in Laptops Power Consumption CRT – 110 watt LCD – 30-40 watt Colour Depth: 65,000 colours, 24 million colours Resolution: 1024x768, 1280x1024, 1600x1200

KEYBOARD 101-key Enhanced keyboard 104-key Windows keyboard, 3 more keys. Press the Key - Detect the position on the key matrix (16 bytes)

MOUSE Mechanical Optical IntelliMouse Use two rollers (one vertical and one horizontal) to track motion Rolled by the Track ball Optical Use a tiny camera to tracking the motion LED (red light beamer) IntelliMouse Extra wheel

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NIC Network Interface 10/100 or 10/100/1000 Integrated Ethernet Network Interface Servers may have multiple Network Interfaces 802.11 a/b/g/n Wireless Interface in Laptops in addition to wired Ethernet Network Interface

I/O Ports Serial port (Com port) Parallel port One bit at a time -- Uses thin cable Parallel port Parallel because it can move a whole byte at a time Mainly used for connection to a printer Universal Serial Bus (USB) replaces those 4 wires (2 for power & 2 for communication) Upto 60 MB/s USB Pen Drives, Printers, External Disks, Drives etc.

Printers Peripheral for printing LaserJet (Mono & Colour) Inkjet (Colour) Dot Matrix Line Multifunction Printers

BIOS BIOS is an acronym that stands for Basic Input/Output System. BIOS refers, in part, to the firmware code (a type of boot loader) run by a PC when first powered on. The primary function of the BIOS is to identify and initialize system component hardware such as the video display card, hard disk, and floppy disk and some other hardware devices. This is to prepare the machine into a known low capability state, so other software programs stored on various media can be loaded, executed, and given control of the PC. BIOS Setup allows to set the boot sequence and system date and time among other things.

Computer Assembly Computer Assembly In India Computers are assembled in factory although all the major components like the motherboard, CPU, Hard Disk, RAM DIMMs, CD/DVD Drives, Keyboard, Mouse, TFT Displays etc. are all imported. The computer system is run through a process of Quality assurance which includes a burn test and functional testing. The Operating system may be preloaded or reloaded by the customer.

Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Some of the typical problems faced in Computers which could be related to hardware issues are: No power in the system System not booting System boots with beep sounds System Reboots repeatedly System has a humming sound System boots with a blue screen System displays non system boot disk message when booted System does not boot with a CD/DVD disk Monitor does not receive signal from the computer To troubleshoot a problem, experience is commonly used to generate possible causes of the symptoms. Determining which cause is most likely is often a process of elimination - eliminating potential causes of a problem.

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