Admiral Zheng He Each ship was 400’ long and 160’ wide!

Zheng He’s Voyages In 1498, Da Gama reached Calcutta, China’s favorite port!

Motives for European Exploration 1.Commercial Revolution  by-pass intermediaries to get to Asia for trade products.(Ottomans in the way) 2.Renaissance  curiosity about other lands and peoples. Humanism, Secularism 3.Reformation  refugees & missionaries (Jesuits) need a place to go 4.Monarchs seeking new sources of revenue. $$$$$$$ 5.Technological Advances allow maritime travel to be easier, less dangerous

New Maritime Technologies Hartman Astrolabe (1532) Better Maps Mariner’s Compass School for Navigation, 1419

Portug uese Explora tion 1.Bartolomeo Dias, Vasco da Gama, Pedro Cabral

Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of the World: Early 16 c

Columbus’ Four Voyages Spanish Exploration

The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 The Pope’s Line of Demarcation Once information is brought back home in Europe, Spain and Portugal become rivals. Each want land in the “new world.” To settle the dispute, the Pope steps in and draws a line on the map. Spain receives everything West and Portugal everything East of the line.

1519

What people are already living in the New World? Aztecs

The First Spanish Conquests: The Aztecs Is Cortez Quetzalcoatl?

Spanish Conquests: The Incas Spanish Conquests: The Incas Atahualpa 1531

Machu Picchu- Terrace Farming

The “Columbian Exchange”  Squash  Avocado  Peppers  Sweet Potatoes  Turkey  Pumpkin  Tobacco  Quinine  Cocoa  Pineapple  Cassava  POTATO  Peanut  TOMATO  Vanilla  MAIZE  Syphilis  Olive  COFFEE BEAN  Banana  Rice  Onion  Turnip  Honeybee  Barley  Grape  Peach  SUGAR CANE  Oats  Citrus Fruits  Pear  Wheat  HORSE  Cattle  Sheep  Pigs  Smallpox  Flu  Typhus  Measles  Malaria  Diptheria  Whooping Cough  Trinkets  Liquor  GUNS

Atlantic Explorations Looking for “El Dorado”

Cycle of Conquest & Colonization Explorers Conquistadores Missionaries Permanent Settlers Official European Colony!

Who will work these new lands?

A need for workers on the farm leads to: Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade A need for workers on the farm leads to: Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

“Middle Passage” Many died during the Middle passage. Slave ships packed as many Africans on board as possible knowing they would lose a large percentage. ~12.5 million were sold. Of those, 10.7 million managed to live through the horrific journey known as the Middle Passage.

The Colonial Class System Peninsulares Creoles MestizosMulattos Native Indians Enslaved Africans

After the creation of the colony, trade booms!! These trade routes come to be known as TRIANGULAR TRADE

Mercantilism The colony produces while the mother country received/enjoyed the benefits and sells back to the colony for profit!