Global: 5/2/2014 I/O: Thematic Essays; The Middle East: The Palestinian/Israeli Conflict I/O: Thematic Essays; The Middle East: The Palestinian/Israeli Conflict Key Question(s):what were the root causes of the conflict between the Palestinian and the Israelis? Key Question(s):what were the root causes of the conflict between the Palestinian and the Israelis? Key Words: Palestine; Israel; PLO; Intifada; CCS: 2;5 Key Words: Palestine; Israel; PLO; Intifada; CCS: 2;5 Homework: essay #2: Sixth Marking Period: Imperialism; Nationalism: Due Tuesday. Homework: essay #2: Sixth Marking Period: Imperialism; Nationalism: Due Tuesday. Saturday: 9:00 – 11:00: Put in an hour = Two late assignments. Put in Two = Four. You cannot be late. Saturday: 9:00 – 11:00: Put in an hour = Two late assignments. Put in Two = Four. You cannot be late.

Palestinian-Israeli Conflict Background Palestine (M.E.) Background Palestine (M.E.) Birthplace of Judaism, Christianity, & many Islamic holy sites Birthplace of Judaism, Christianity, & many Islamic holy sites Who controlled Palestine? Who controlled Palestine? Since WWI, GR received mandate to control Pal. Since WWI, GR received mandate to control Pal.

Conflict in Israel

Size of Israel

Palestinian-Israeli Conflict Background: Background: Jews exiled by Romans in 70 AD. Jews exiled by Romans in 70 AD. Diaspora - spread Jews to all corners of Europe & M.E. Diaspora - spread Jews to all corners of Europe & M.E. Jews saw Palestine as their religious “ homeland ” Jews saw Palestine as their religious “ homeland ” However … However … Since 600 AD, Arab Muslims were majority in Palestine Since 600 AD, Arab Muslims were majority in Palestine

Palestinian-Israeli Conflict Zionism: nationalist movement for Jews to return back to Palestine & create homeland Zionism: nationalist movement for Jews to return back to Palestine & create homeland Theodore Herzl Theodore Herzl Balfour Declaration 1917: Balfour Declaration 1917: BR gov ’ t gave support for permanent Jewish state in Palestine BR gov ’ t gave support for permanent Jewish state in Palestine GB had also made conflicting promises to Arabs to support Arab state GB had also made conflicting promises to Arabs to support Arab state

Palestinian-Israeli Conflict : : Jews flock to Palestine in waves Jews flock to Palestine in waves Conflict grew between Jewish migrants & Arabs Conflict grew between Jewish migrants & Arabs GB is caught in “ tough spot ” GB is caught in “ tough spot ” WWII & Holocaust ( ): WWII & Holocaust ( ): Millions of Jews migrate to Palestine Millions of Jews migrate to Palestine Holocaust – what to do with DPs? Holocaust – what to do with DPs? 1947: U.N. partitions Palestine into 2 separate states 1947: U.N. partitions Palestine into 2 separate states One for Jews = Israel One for Jews = Israel One for Arab Muslims = Palestine One for Arab Muslims = Palestine

Palestinian-Israeli Conflict Israeli War of Independence 1948: Israeli War of Independence 1948: Arab states of M.E. unite to crush Israel Arab states of M.E. unite to crush Israel Israel wins, took 80% of Palestine & Jordan Israel wins, took 80% of Palestine & Jordan

Palestinian-Israeli Conflict Over 700,000 Pal. Refugees absorbed within Israel Over 700,000 Pal. Refugees absorbed within Israel Over 600,000 Pal. Flee or are forced to leave Over 600,000 Pal. Flee or are forced to leave Ethnic cleansing or war crimes? Ethnic cleansing or war crimes? Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) created by refugee Palestinians in 1964 Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) created by refugee Palestinians in 1964 Objective … Objective … 1. Destroy Israel 1. Destroy Israel 2. Create independent Palestinian state 2. Create independent Palestinian state

Palestinian Refugees

Palestinian-Israeli Conflict 1987: Yasser Arafat & PLO declared an intifada or uprising on Israel. 1987: Yasser Arafat & PLO declared an intifada or uprising on Israel. Young Palestinians & Israeli soldiers clash Young Palestinians & Israeli soldiers clash Suicide bombings by Palestinians Suicide bombings by Palestinians Retaliation by Israel Retaliation by Israel

Gaza Strip Palestinian territory 25 miles long x 4-7 miles wide 1.4 million people live there Israel claims militants fire rockets into Israel Pal. Militants hide within civilian population Israel supplies region & shuts off power etc. MAJOR ISSUES!!

Gaza is frequently targeted by Israeli security forces. Tanks & jets patrol

However, Palestinian militants use suicide attacks to inflict damage too

Timeline of hostilities in Israel Israel wins more land, but has more refugees between 1960s-1970 ’ s Israel wins more land, but has more refugees between 1960s-1970 ’ s Six-Day War 1967: Israel defeats Egypt. Six-Day War 1967: Israel defeats Egypt Yom Kippur War: Egypt & Syria defeated again 1973 Yom Kippur War: Egypt & Syria defeated again Peace with Egypt 1979 Peace with Egypt 1979 Camp David Accords: Pres. Jimmy Carter negotiated peace between Egypt & Israel Camp David Accords: Pres. Jimmy Carter negotiated peace between Egypt & Israel

Menachem Begin, Jimmy Carter, Anwar Al Sadat after Camp David Accords

Palestinian-Israeli Conflict 1993 Oslo Accords – 1993 Oslo Accords – 1 st face to face agreement between Israel & Palestine EVER 1 st face to face agreement between Israel & Palestine EVER Israel recognized Pal. Gov ’ t Israel recognized Pal. Gov ’ t Formed blueprint for Pal. State, but violence continued Formed blueprint for Pal. State, but violence continued Both claim the other is not living up to promises Both claim the other is not living up to promises

Oslo Accords

Palestinian-Israeli Conflict Issues today: Issues today: U.S. wants a two state solution where Palestine & Israel will live side by side in separate states U.S. wants a two state solution where Palestine & Israel will live side by side in separate states Arab Islamic fundamentalists initiated war against Israel Arab Islamic fundamentalists initiated war against Israel Israeli ’ s fear if they give in to a Pal. state, more attacks will follow Israeli ’ s fear if they give in to a Pal. state, more attacks will follow But Israel uses hard tactics to eliminate militants But Israel uses hard tactics to eliminate militants But Arab militants are stationed near civilians creating collateral damage But Arab militants are stationed near civilians creating collateral damage