Piracy: Common Threat and Cooperative Solutions Rear Admiral T. F. Carney, USN COMPACFLT N5/N8 Plans, Policy and Requirements This Brief is UNCLASSIFIED

Outline Maritime Security Growing Piracy Regional Resources/Response Closing Thoughts 2

3 3 Fusion & Sharing Information Cueing Prosecute Legal Authority and Jurisdiction Situational Awareness Territorial Security Inter-agency and International Cooperation Interdiction Capabilities Responsive Decision-Making Architecture Maritime Security Process Surveillance Interdiction Apprehend Locate / Assess

4 4 Enhanced Maritime Interdiction Ops Environmental Response Coastal Sea Control / Mine Counter Measures Counter Drug Ops Low Intensity Conflict / Surface Warfare Strikes & Raids Execution of Operations Theater Security & Stability Ops Major Combat Ops USCG Full Range of Capabilities Across the Full Spectrum of Threats Port Anti- Terrorism Ops / Mine Detection & Prevention Aids To Navigation & Search & Rescue Other Law Enforcement Alien Migrant Ops & Disaster / Humanitarian Assistance Show of Force & Flexible Deterrent Options M a r i t i m e S e c u r i t y M a r i t i m e D e f e n s e Lower Intensity Conflict Homeland-Centric LawEnforcement Maritime Security Environment - Human Smuggling & Slave Trade - Drug Trafficking & Narco-Terrorism - Arms & Monetary Smuggling - Passenger Vessel Protection - Critical Infrastructure Protection - Mining of Strategic Ports - High Value Asset Protection - Surveillance & Broadcasting - Border Security Threats - Sea Lines of Communication Security - Weapons of Mass Destruction/Effect - Transnational Threats - Piracy Military Higher Intensity Conflict Expeditionary- Centric Homeland Capable Counter- Terrorism Ops Maritime Security Spectrum

The following definition of piracy is contained in article 101 of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS): “Piracy consists of any of the following acts: (a) Any illegal acts of violence or detention, or any act of depredation, committed for the private ends by the crew or the passengers or a private ship or a private aircraft, and directed: (i)On the high seas, against another ship or aircraft, or against persons or property onboard such ship or aircraft; (ii) Against any ship, aircraft, persons or property in a place outside the jurisdiction of any State; (b)Any act of voluntary participation in the operation of a ship or of an aircraft with knowledge of facts making it a pirate ship or aircraft; (c) Any act inciting or of intentionally facilitating an act described in sub-paragraph (a) or (b). Piracy Defined 5

A Global Problem 6 Ransoms: average - $150, average - $5.4 million - Record - $9.5 million 20% reduction in Suez Canal traffic Insurance increased tenfold Annual cost: - Estimated at $7 to $12 billion - Cost to shippers - $375 million

crew taken hostage 37 crew injured 20 kidnapped/ransom 8 killed Global Piracy Outlook as of 2010 World Piracy 445 ‘10 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘ Piracy incidents reported annually since 2006 Piracy hotspots Nigeria Gulf of Aden/ Red Sea Chittagong, Bangladesh S. China Sea Around Indonesia 7

Ships Attacked by Nationality

Hijacked Crews By Nationality

445 TOTAL REPORTED ATTACKS Majority of Attack Locations for 2010

Somali Pirates Expanding Reach

CTF - 151: Combined Operations Model 8 Jan 2009: CTF-151 activated Greater CTF capacity = More attacks prevented "HTMS Similan and HTMS Pattani have prevented acts of piracy within this busy and globally important sea lane. Their commitment to the task is superb and the way in which they conducted themselves in this tense situation is first-class. We must remember that piracy is a truly a global problem and I am pleased to be here leading the multi-national coalition, Combined Task Force 151." Turkish Rear Admiral Sinan Ertugrul Commander, CTF

Strait of Malacca to South China Sea 13

South China Sea 14

MALSINDO: Cooperative Model A model for cooperative success 20 Jul 04: Trilateral Coordinated Patrols Source: Council for Security Cooperation in the Asia Pacific,

Countering Piracy and Sea Robbery 16 Maritime Forces cannot solve the problem, but… We need to secure the maritime commons for safety and prosperity Key take a ways: Maritime Domain Awareness helps us understand the threat Information is the best weapon Teamwork is the best method

Results pirates encountered since 22 AUG 08: – 638 disrupted – 478 turned over for prosecution – 60 trials complete – incarcerated – 26 trials completed – released – 13 pirates killed – 214 pirates currently held (trials pending/in progress) Pirate vessels destroyed: 78 Pirate vessels confiscated: 20 Weapons seized: 228 small arms, 49 RPGs, 109 rockets. Equipment confiscated: boarding equipment, GPS units, phones Other weapons and equipment jettisoned: too numerous to count

Closing Thoughts The roots of piracy lie ashore Maritime strength alone cannot end piracy Very profitable business Maritime forces can shape the environment Deterring attacks Rendering aid Detention and Prosecution as appropriate Cooperative MDA as a key enabler Piracy is a global problem Cooperation is a force multiplier We look for opportunities to partner 18

19 Back-up Slides

20 Knowledge regarding all activity in the maritime domain – much more than just a common operating picture Ensuring that the information obtained is available to those individuals who have the authority to determine the appropriate response Once the appropriate response is determined, the resource must be able to locate the object of interest Elements of jurisdiction and the presence of laws relating to the misconduct must be present for successful prosecution There are very few agencies in the world that have all the resources or authority they need to develop a high level of maritime security Elements of Maritime Security

21 Definitions and References Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA): The effective understanding of anything associated with the global maritime domain that could impact the security, safety, economy or environment of a nation. –Maritime Domain Awareness is a component of and key enabler for Maritime Security. Maritime Domain: All areas and things of, on, under, relating to, adjacent to, or bordering on a sea, ocean, or other navigable waterway, including all maritime related activities, infrastructure, people, cargo, and vessels and other conveyances.

Piracy Trends SE Asia Reduction Africa Increase 22