Project #1 Introduction to Transportation Egg Drop Project #1 Introduction to Transportation

Objectives After completing this project, you will be able to: 1. State and Explain what Newton’s 3 Laws of Motion are 2. State the processes involved in creating and designing their vehicle 3. Design and Construct a vehicle that will support an egg and prevent the egg from breaking when dropped from a preset height

Content Vehicles rely on many parts to give it strength (body, frame, suspension) To survive an impact you must think about how the energy from an impact goes around and through the vehicle When a vehicle is hit from any direction, the energy from one vehicle is transferred to the other

In a head on collision, where is the energy forced to go? Answer: The energy is forced to travel outwards to prevent any injury to the people inside. Although, depending on the speed of the vehicles, sometimes the force is overwhelming.

There are Newtons 3 Laws of Motion that you must learn by the end of the semester Law #1: An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force. An object in motion continues in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. This law is often called "the law of inertia" With the head on collision does a car hit the other and keep moving in a forwards direction?

What does this mean? This means that there is a natural tendency of objects to keep on doing what they're doing. All objects resist changes in their state of motion. In the absence of an unbalanced force, an object in motion will maintain this state of motion.

Let's study the "skater" to understand this a little better. What is the motion in this picture? What is the unbalanced force in this picture?

This law is the same reason why you should always wear your seatbelt.

Law #2: Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass Law #2: Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. The greater the mass (of the object being accelerated ) the greater the amount of force needed (to accelerate the object).

                                                                                                                                                                                              Everyone unconsciously knows the Second Law. Everyone knows that heavier objects require more force to move the same distance as lighter objects.

Or FORCE = MASS times ACCELERATION However, the Second Law gives us an exact relationship between force, mass, and acceleration. It can be expressed as a mathematical equation: F = MA Or FORCE = MASS times ACCELERATION The next slide shows an example of how Newton's Second Law works:

Mike's car, which weighs 1,000 kg, is out of gas. Mike is trying to push the car to a gas station, and he makes the car go 0.05 m/s/s. Using Newton's Second Law, you can compute how much force Mike is applying to the car. Answer = 50 newtons

Newton’s Law #3: For every action there is an equal and opposite re-action This means that for every force there is a reaction force that is equal in size, but opposite in direction. That is to say that whenever an object pushes another object it gets pushed back in the opposite direction equally hard.

Let's study how a rocket works to understand Newton's Third Law. The rocket's action is to push down on the ground with the force of its powerful engines, and the reaction is that the ground pushes the rocket upwards with an equal force. An example is on the next page.

QUIZ Directions: Write down the questions. Answer the questions on the paper provided. You cannot use your notes for this quiz. Good Luck 1. Who was the scientist who gave us the Laws of Motion?

2. How many Laws of Motion are there? 3. What is another name for the first law of motion? 4. Which law explains why we need to wear seatbelts? 5. Which law says that force is equal to mass times acceleration (F=MA)?

6. Which law says that heavier objects require more force than lighter objects to move or accelerate them? 7. Which law explains how rockets are launched into space? 8. Which law says that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction?

ANSWERS Answer: Sir Isaac Newton Answer: three Answer: Law of Inertia Answer: First Law of Motion Answer: Second Law of Motion Answer: Third Law of Motion

Materials Scissors, Rulers Printer paper/ Notebook Paper Masking tape Pens/Pencils Egg

Brainstorming Questions On a separate sheet of paper please do the following, these count as a homework grade (15% of your overall grade) List 5 possible ways the egg can be protected using paper Of those 5 which are the most feasible (appropriate)? What is the best solution you have? Describe in a half page why you chose that design.

Challenge Students working by themselves will design, sketch, and construct their own Egg Drop Vehicles using various masking tape and printer or notebook paper in the Construction Lab. The Sketches are random ideas of your thoughts but there is a minimum of 4. From those 4 sketches select 1, draw it in detail using a ruler and straight lines (no freehand drawing). Be sure to include dimensions on your Initial Drawings. When the project is complete you will be required to complete the evaluation form and do a Final Drawing. The Final Drawing compares what your Egg Drop Vehicles ended up looking like (again, no freehand drawing, use rulers) to what you drew for your Initial Drawing. Your grade is broken down into 3 parts be sure to see the Evaluation part for further explanation.

Your grade for part 1 depends on how close to your Initial Drawing you constructed your Egg Drop Vehicles. The closer it resembles your Initial Drawing, the better your grade will be. The more changes you make or extra pieces you add the lower your grade will be. Part 2 is that each student will have to design and create an apparatus that will hold an egg. When the egg holding apparatus is dropped from a preset height, the egg cannot break. The students are only allowed to use printer paper or notebook paper and masking tape. The vehicle does not have to be square; it can be whatever shape you want it to be. The apparatus cannot be more than 6” x 6” x 6” when dropped. There are a lot of different ways to get this project to work so don’t just rush into anything without thinking about it. Part 3 is that the Egg Drop Vehicles must fall in under 3 seconds; your project will be timed using a stopwatch. The faster your time and your egg surviving, the better your grade. You only get one egg from me and the eggs are given out on the testing day so you must have a way of inserting the egg into your project without destroying your project.

On testing day, you will be given exactly 5 minutes to put your egg into your projects and seal them up with tape, after those 5 minutes if you do not have your egg sealed you will not pass this project. You cannot tape the egg in or tape around the egg or put tape on the egg in any way. After your egg vehicle is dropped you must open it up and take your egg out to show me that it survived. If you take your egg out of the carton and drop it then you will automatically be disqualified and won’t be allowed to get another one. From the time you pick up your egg to the time you put it back into the crate at the end of the project you are responsible for the egg. The egg is considered broken if liquid in on the shell, if no liquid but cracked I will count it.

Procedures Brainstorm ideas and sketch 4 of them onto pieces of paper Choose a design that you like the best and draw an Initial Drawing with dimensions Create your design using the paper and masking tape Test your design with a golf ball to see what the results might be. When done testing prepare the vehicle by installing the egg into it Finish the vehicle with any final touches to secure the egg

Evaluation Sketches and Initial Drawings are a separate grade worth 100 points There is a final drawing and an reflective worksheet that counts as a separate grade of 100 points See Attached Rubric Remember that there is no fooling around in the lab

Evaluation Egg did not break Project stayed within 6 x 6 x 6 dimensions Project looked exactly like initial drawing Project dropped in less than 3 seconds Student shows above average effort Student shows above average safety skills Egg broke Student shows average effort Student shows average safety skills 100 points 75 points

Evaluation 50 points 0 points Egg Broke Project did not stay within 6 x 6 x 6 dimensions Project did not look like initial drawing with noticeable changes to project Project dropped in more than 3 seconds Student shows moderate effort Student not allowed in class if not demonstrating proper safety skills Egg broke Student shows no effort 50 points 0 points

Good Luck!