Thanks to the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine for content used in this presentation. Learn about PCRM.Learn about PCRM

Can foods be addicting?

How to Magnetize a Baby

Baby, 9 –12 weeks of age Sit face-to-face, 15 inches apart Smith BA. Devel Psychol 1990;26: Blass EM. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev 1994;59:1-96.

1 tsp sugar + 1 cup water Smith BA. Devel Psychol 1990;26: Blass EM. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev 1994;59:1-96.

Blass EM. Devel Psychol 2001;37: University of Massachusetts at Amherst

Blass EM. Devel Psychol 2001;37: University of Massachusetts at Amherst

Sugar Sugar → opiate release → ↑ dopamine

Sugar Reduces crying in healthy newborns Reduces visible reaction to heel-stick and circumcision Has no effect in infants of opiate- addicted mothers Smith BA. Devel Psychol 1990;26: Blass EM. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev 1994;59:1-96.

Is Sugar a Problem? Sugar, 1 teaspoon Chocolate chip cookies (2) Soda, 20 ounces Twizzlers (2.5 oz.) Calories

Soda Serving Sizes 6-ounce bottles 12-ounce cans 16-ounce bottles 20-ounce bottles

Coca-Cola (20 oz.) 68 grams sugar + 78 mg caffeine 250 calories Pennington, Bowes and Church's Food Values of Portions Commonly Used (Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1998)

Coca-Cola “Caffeine is not addictive.” From the Coca-Cola Web site: www2.coca-cola.com/contactus/myths_rumors/ingredients_addictive.html accessed February 15, 2005

Spot the Addicting Food

The Chocolate Drugstore Caffeine (5-10 mg)* Theobromine Phenylethylamine Slows breakdown of anandamide *Compare to coffee (100 mg)

Say “Cheeeeeese!”

Casomorphins Opiates that form as casein (milk protein) is digested.

Casomorphins From ß-casein: ß-casomorphin-7Try-Pro-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro-Ile ß-casomorphin 5 (bovine)Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-Gly ß-casomorphin 5 (human)Tyr-Pro-Phe-Val-Glu MorphiceptinTyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-NH 2 From a s1 -casein: a-Casein exorphinArg-Gly-Phe-Gin-Asn-Ala Shah NP. Br J Nutr 2000;84(suppl 1):S3-S10. Teschemacher H. J Dairy Res 1986;53:135-8.

Cheese (2 oz.) Brie Cheddar Feta Goat Mozzarella Swiss Calories Fat (grams) Pennington, Bowes and Church's Food Values of Portions Commonly Used (Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1998)

Cholesterol (per ounce) Brie Cheddar Feta Roast sirloin Chicken breast (whole) Chicken breast (skinless) Beans, grains Vegetables, fruits Cholesterol Pennington, Bowes and Church's Food Values of Portions Commonly Used (Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1998)

Dairy Products Arthritis Migraine Digestive Problems

Milk and Prostate Cancer Ganmaa D, Li X, Wang J, Qin L, Wang P, Sato A. Int J Cancer 2002:98,

Physicians’ Health Study (Harvard) ≥ 2.5 servings/day of dairy products 20,885 physicians 34% increased risk of prostate cancer Relative risk: 1.34 ( ) Chan JM. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74:

Health Professionals Follow-up Study (Harvard) Relative risk for advanced cancer: 1.6 (95% CI, ) 83% of milk consumed was skim or lowfat Giovannucci E. Cancer Res 1998;58: > 2 servings/day of milk 47,781 health professionals 60% increased risk of prostate cancer

Men and women aged 55 to 85 years 3 8-oz servings of milk for 12 weeks Serum IGF-I 10% (P<.001) Heaney RP. J Am Dietetic Asso 1999;99: Milk Raises Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I

Wendy’s “Cheddar Lover’s Bacon Cheeseburger” promotion sold: 2.25 million pounds of cheese 380 tons of fat 1.2 tons of pure cholesterol USDA Report to Congress on the Dairy Promotion Programs, 2000 The U.S. Government at Work

Wendy’s “Cheddar Lover’s Bacon Cheeseburger” Subway’s “Chicken Cordon Bleu,” “Honey Pepper Melt” Pizza Hut’s “Ultimate Cheese Pizza” Burger King, Taco Bell USDA Report to Congress on the Dairy Promotion Programs, 2000 The U.S. Government at Work

Dick Cooper, Vice President of Cheese Marketing, Dairy Management, Inc., at the “Cheese Forum,” December 5, USDA Report to Congress on the Dairy Promotion Programs, 2000

“Would you give up meat for a week for $1,000?” 1,244 adults, surveyed April 2000 Answered “No”: White Americans: 24% Black Americans: 29% Asian Americans: < 10% Hispanic Americans: < 10%

Opiate Blockade Cuts Meat Appetite Ham ↓ 10% Salami ↓ 25% Tuna ↓ ~ 50% Yeomans MR, Wright P, Macleod HA, Critchley JAJH. Effects of nalmefene on feeding in humans. Psychopharmacology 1990;100:

Benefits of Meatless Diets Reverse heart disease Lose ~ 10% of body weight ↓ cancer risk by ~ 40% ↓ blood pressure Improve or reverse diabetes ↓ risk of Alzheimer’s disease?

Top 10 Rationalizations 7. You’ve got to die of something. 8. I’m a blood type O, so I have to eat meat. 9. Diet advice is always changing. Just eat what you want. 10. My grandfather smoked, drank, and ate all the wrong things and lived to be 90.

Top 10 Rationalizations 4. The stress of denying yourself is worse than “giving in.” 5. Healthy eating is time-consuming. 6. Healthy eating is expensive.

Top 10 Rationalizations 1. There are no bad foods, only bad diets. 2. All foods can fit. Everything in moderation. 3. I can exercise these extra calories off.

Care-Givers’ Rationalizations “We have to follow people’s tastes.” “We have to stick to people’s cultures.” “We need more research before we can say anything.” “My patients would rather just pop a pill.”

Breaking Free Avoid temptation and triggering circumstances. Ask family and friends for support.

Extra Help if You Need It 1.Start with a healthy breakfast 2.Use foods to hold blood sugar steady 3.Dieters: Use the Rule of Ten 4.Break craving cycles 5.Have regular exercise and rest 6.Use social support 7.Take advantage of other motivators

Online Information and Support PCRM.org NutritionMD.org Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine 5100 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Suite 400 Washington, DC

Thank you.